268 AVES : PICI. — XLIV. 



444. SPHYRAPICXIS Baird. (irtpvpa, hammer; Picui.) 



848. S. varius (L.). Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Blat:k 

 and whitish above ; black on breast ; rump mixed black and white ; 

 belly more or less yellowish ; sides streaked with dusky ; a white 

 wing patch ; quills with white spots ; crown red in adult ^ and 

 usually 9 also ; chin scarlet, throat black in ^ ; both white in 9 > 

 young dull brownish. L. 8^. W. 4|. T. 3J. N. Am., not rare, 

 the only woodpecker which ever injures trees. 



445. CEOPHLCEUS Cabanis. (Hylatomus i Baird.) 

 ((cem, to split ; ^\oi6s, bark.) 



849. C. pileatus (L.). LoGCOCK. Black; white streak down 

 neck ; crest and cheek patch scarlet in ^ ; cheeks and front of 

 crest black in 9 . L. 18. W. 9^. T. 7. N. Am. ; in heavy tim- 

 ber, a shy bird, now rare ; subspec. abieticola Bangs, northward. 



446. MELANERPES Swainson. (/ifXas, black ; epm/r, creeper.) 

 n. Back, scapulars and wing-coverts glossy blue-black (grayish in young). 

 (Melanerpes.) 



850. M. erythrocephalus (L.). Red-headed Woodpecker. 

 Whole head and neck crimson in both sexes, bordered below by 

 black ; belly, rump, secondaries, etc., pure white; rest of body glossy 

 blue-black. L. 9^. W. 5J. T. 3f. E. U. S., rare in N. E., very 

 abundant W. (^epvdp6s, red ; xfc^aX^, head.) 



aa. Back, scapulars and wings barred with white. {Centurus Swainson.) 



851. M. oarolinus (L.). Red-bellied Woodpecker. Gray- 

 ish, much barred above with black and white ; belly pale ashy, more 

 or less reddish-tinged; crown and nape crimson in ,J, ashy in 9 • 

 L. 9f. W. 5. T. 3f E. U. S., rather S., common W. 



447. COLAPTES Swainson. (KoXairrfis, chisel.) 



852. C. auratus (L.). YellowHammer. Flicker. Golden- 

 winged Woodpecker. High-Holer. Head ashy, with red 

 nuchal crescent ; back drab-color, barred with black ; rump white ; 

 below pinkish brown shading into yellowish ; a black crescent on 

 breast ; belly with numerous round black spots ; shafts and under 

 surfaces of quills golden yellow ; $ with a black maxillary patch. 

 L. 12^. W. 6. T. 4^. E. N. Am., abundant; subspec. luteus 

 Bangs N. 



853. C. oafer (Gmelin). Red-shafted Flicker. Quills with 

 orange red instead of golden ; maxillary patches in ^ red instead 



1 The earlier name Hykttomus la set aside by the A. 0. U. on account of the still 

 earlier Hylotoma, a genua of Insects. I have elsewhere maintained that " A name is 

 a name without necessary meaning,'* and therefore that generic names are different 

 unless spelled alike, even though derived from the same Greek root. I prefer to use 

 HylatomuSf Eremophila, Lagochila^ Lucanixt, Icteria, Cestreus, Heterodontus, and similar 

 names, notwithstanding their similfirity to Hylotoma, Eremophilus, Lagochfyilus, 

 LucanuB, Ictertis, Cestrcmis, and Heterodo^i. 



