282 AVES : PASSERES. — XL VI. 



along side of bill) ; (tail feathers without white; tail coverts rosy) ; 



hind claw moderate Leucosticte, 475. 



jj. Base of gonys as near tip of lower mandible as to its base on the 

 side; (tail largely white ; plumage with much white and no rosy); 

 hind claw very long, nearly as long as bill. 



Passebina, 478. 

 ii. Birds of small size, the wing less than 3J ; tail forked. 



k. Nasal tufts very long, nearly I length of bill ; (tail feathers with- 

 out white or yellow; adults with red). . . . Acanthis, 476. 

 kh. Nasal tufts short or obsolete, not i length of bill ; (tail feathers 

 blotched with white or yellow; adults with yellow but no red); 

 sexes unlike (Astkagalihus) or alike. . . . Spinus, 477. 

 hk. Wing not five times as long as tarsus. 



I. First (developed) primary not shorter than fourth; (back 



streaked), 

 m. Depth of bill at base about equal to length of (exposed) cul- 

 men ; nostrils with a small ruff ; (plumage streaked above 

 and below ; (f with red ; no white on tail). 



Cakpodacds, 473. 



mm. Depth of bill at base less than length of culmen; (no red; 



tail with white). 



n. Tail emarginate, the middle feathers narrow and pointed 



at tip; hind claw very long and straightish, nearly as long 



as bill. 



o. Gonys shorter than hind toe without claw and not more 



than depth of bill Calcarius, 479. 



00. Gonys longer than hind toe and greater than depth of 



bill Rhyncophanes, 480. 



nn. Tail rounded ; the middle feathers broad and rounded at 

 tip ; hind toe short, curved. . . . Chokdestes, 483. 



II. First (developed) primary shorter than fourth; bill very stout; 



(plumage with red or yellow) Hedymeles, 492. 



gg. Primaries not much longer than secondaries (exceeding them by less than 

 length of tarsus) ; (no red). 



p. Bill very stout ; its depth at base nearly equal to hind 

 toe with claw; (J with blue). . . Guibaca, 493. 

 pp. Bill more slender, not as above. 

 }. Tail-feathers narrow, at least the middle ones acu- 

 minate; (back streaked). 

 T. Middle toe with claw decidedly shorter than tarsus; 

 (outer tail feathers with white; bend of wing 



chestnut) Pocecetes, 481. 



rr. Middle toe with claw not shorter than tarsus; 

 (outer tail feathers without white markings; 

 edge of wing yellow). 

 *. (Breast with yellow ; throat with more or less 

 black ; plumage not streaked below in <}). 



Spiza, 495. 

 a. (Breast without yellow ; throat without black ; 

 plumage streaked below.) 



AlfMODRAMUS, 482. 

 JJ. Tail feathers broader, not acuminate (except in 

 worn plumage). 

 (. Hiud claw decidedly longer than its toe 



