CONTENTS ix 



X. Exercises with Soils 113 



Soil Sampling — Testing for Moisture — Testing for 

 Organic Matter — -Humus Prevents Baldng — ^Testing 

 for Sourness — -Taldng Soil Temperatures — Color and 

 Temperature of Soils — -EfTect of a Dust Mulch — 

 Carpet or Hay Mulch — Dust Mulch on Sugar — 

 Balang of Sand and Clay — Packing of Sand and Clay 

 — Capillary Movement of Water — ^Packed and Loose 

 Soils — Absorbing Power — Water-holding Power — To 

 Analyze a Soil. 



XI. Gakden Plot Expebimbnts 124 



Spraying for Potato Beetles — -Fighting Potato Bhght 

 — -Deep and Shallow Culture — KaUing Weeds — - 

 Variety Tests — -Determine the Proper Depth — Level 

 or Hill Culture — -Heavy Fertilizing — ^Lime for Pota- 

 toes — ^Effect of Treatment for Potato Scab — -Effects 

 of Dust Mulch — ^Firming the Soil — Testing the 

 Treatment for Codling Moth — Oat Smut — Staking 

 Tomatoes — -Thick or Thin Plantings — -Watering vs. 

 Surface Mulch — Straw Mulch — Inoculation of 

 Legumes. 



XII. Beautifying Home and School Grounds 130 



Planning the Grounds — What to Plant — -Trees — 

 Shrubs — Vines — How Vines Chmb — When to Plant — 

 Transplanting — Heeling In — Pruning Young Trees — 

 Care in Pruning — ^Knowing the Trees — -Lawns — ^Care 

 of Lawns — Flower Planting — Annual Flowers — ^Hardy 

 Annuals — ^Tender Annuals — Planting Annuals — Per- 

 ennial Flowers — ^Early Perennials—Summer Peren- 

 nials — -Autumn Perennials — Bulbs and Tubers — ■ 

 Autumn Flowering Bulbs — Culture of Bulbs — Plants 

 for Shaded Places — ^Arbor Day — Planning for Arbor 

 Day — Suggestive Programs. 



XIII. Lessons with Trees 153 



Exercises — Sap Ducts in Plants — ^Effect of Girdling 

 Trees — Growing Oaks and Nut Trees — Tree Seedhngs 

 in Tin Cans — rForests on Hillsides — ^Age of Woody 

 Plants — ^Age Shown in Twigs. 



XIV. CuTTAGE, Grafting, Budding and Layering 158 



Starting Shps — -Leaf Cuttings — Cuttings in Water — 

 Hardwood Cuttings — -Root Cuttings — Grafting Wax 

 — -Waxing Knitting Cotton and Cloth — Whip or 

 Tongue Grafting — Root Grafting — Practice in Bud- 

 ding — Budding Peaches, Plums or Cherries — Spring 

 Budding — Fruit Buds— Top Grafting Young Trees — ■ 

 Top Working Old Trees — Tip Layering — ^Vine Layer- 

 ing — -Mound Layering. 



