GARDEN TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS 43 



digging the potato crop and in " lifting " other root crops, 

 such as beets, carrots, and parsnips. 



The spade is used for the same purposes and also in 

 transplanting trees and -shrubs. 



Shovels are most useful where much dirt is to be handled, 

 as in digging drains, levelling and terracing yards, and making 

 irrig'ation ditches. 



A pick may be needed to loosen hard or stony soil before 

 it can be shovelled. 



Grubbing mattocks are used in place of picks and also 

 in removing roots of trees and shrubs when " clearing " new 

 land. They are sometimes used to loosen up small plots in 

 lieu of plowing or spading up the soil. 



Dibbers and garden trowels (Fig. 22) are almost neces- 

 sary in the transplanting of such vegetables as cabbages, toma- 

 toes, egg-plants and peppers. 



Small weeders (Fig. 22) to be used in! one hand are 

 helpful when the plants are very small or very close together. 

 The soil is rfeadily loosened and made into a fine mulch in 

 small garden beds by use of hand weeders. 



Hand weeders may be made by using old broom sticks. 

 The length should be about 8 or 10 inches. The upper end 

 should be rounded and made smooth for the hand. The 

 lower end may be chisel-shaped or pointed, as desired. For 

 planting purposes the chisel-shape may be useful, but for 

 loosening the soil, for thinning and for weeding the pointed 

 end may be preferred. 



Marking boards are useful in planting seed boxes and 

 small beds. A marker for the open garden is shown in 

 figure 23. 



Sieves are necessary in preparing soil for use in boxes, 

 plant trays, and flower pots. If the manure used be trashy 

 or the soil lumpy, even a coarse sieve will help make the 

 mixture much better for these purposes. 



A sprinkling can, or some other means of watering, is 



