146 SCHOOL AND HOME GARDENING 



seasons are suitable for this work. Early spring is usually 

 preferable, but late summer is also used. 



Early Perennials. — Among the early flowering hardy 

 perennials are the following. These are arranged somewhat 

 in order of flowering season : 



Wind-flower, bloodroot, rock-cress, spring beauty, hepatica 

 (liver-leaf), wake robins, blue-bells, shooting star, candytuft, 

 forget-me-not, peony, phlox, columbine lily-of-the-valley, 

 bleeding-hearts, iris. ' 



Summer Perennials. — ^Common summer flowering plants 

 of the perennial group are : Pennsylvania anemone, St. Bruno's 

 lily, blue columbine, mallow, harebell, Canterbury bell, Scotch 

 pink (dianthus), Japan iris, blazing star, oriental poppy, 

 paniculata phlox, yucca, hollyhock, chamomile, delphinium, 

 funkia, helianthus, pentstemon, day lily, flame flower, cardinal 

 flower, chrysanthemum, golden glow, goldenrod. 



Autumn Perennials. — A few of the preceding group 

 continue their flowering well into the autumn. Other late 

 flowering ones .are Japanese wind-flower, hardy chrysanthe- 

 mums, Jerusalem artichoke. 



Bulbs and Tubers. — The culture of bulbs and tubers is 

 not difficult. Many bulbs are planted in the fall and blossom 

 in the early spring. Common examples of these are crocus, 

 tulip, hyacinth, narcissus, squill and snowdrop. The plant- 

 ing is done late enough in the fall to avoid growth above 

 ground before winter. They keep well in the ground and are 

 ready to start in very early spring. The large store of nourish- 

 ment which they have forces the growth rapidly as the soil 

 becomes warm enough. The bed should be mulched for two 

 reasons, (a) to prevent them from starting in warm weather 

 in fall or mild winter days; (&) to protect the ground from 

 heaving during the coldest weather. 



Autumn Flowering Bulbs. — Several species of crocus 

 bloom in the autunm. Japanese lilies and others begin blos- 

 soming in summer and may continue until autumn. Colchi- 



