NOTES. 
Sierra de Mantiqueira: A range of mountains which separates 
a part of the State of S. Paulo from the State of Minas 
. Geraes. The summit of the range forms extensive and undu- 
lating plains, especially suitable for stock-farming, particularly 
for sheep; there are. pinewoods (araucaria brasiliensis) and 
tracts of land admirably fitted for cultivation of the vine, 
wheat and other plants of Southern Europe. 
Campos de Jordao: A plain in the Sierra de Mantiqueira 2,000 
metres above ithe level jof the sea. It has a magnificent climate 
equal to that of Madeira and the S. of Europe generally. 
A sanatorium has been built’ here for the treatment of 
tuberculosis. 
Virgin forests: Forests which have never been felled by man. 
Heart-Wood: The interior wood of the trunk next to the alburn- 
um; this is usually the only part applicable to constructive 
purposes, but there are some trees in which the alburnum 
is equal in quality with the heart-wood. 
Alburnum, or Sap-Wood: Is that part of the stem which lies 
between the heart-wood and:the bark, bast, etc. It is light 
in colour (hence its name), carries the root-sap upwards 
and consists of a variable number of the last-formed annual 
rings of wood. It is generally of poor quality, only on 
special occasions is it applicable to constructive purposes. 
Specific Gravity: The mean specific gravity is calculated in kilo- 
grammes per cubic, metre; for timber of sp. gr. over 
900 kgs. this varies 10 %, and for those of lower sp. gr. 
the variation is 15 %. 
North: That part of the State which extends from the Capital, 
the city of Sao Paulo, to the boundaries of the State of 
Rio de Janeiro in the direction East of that State and of 
the Atlantic Ocean to the State of Minas, in a northerly 
and southerly direction. 
It is the geographical East of the State. 
Serro do Mar: The range of mountains which follows the coast- 
line of the State of Sio Paulo forming the border of the 
central plain which constitutes the main part of the Paulist 
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