OF PEOPAGATION BY BUDDING. 213 



this, a longitudinal incision is made through the bark 

 of the stock down to the wood, and is then crossed at 

 the upper end by a similar cut {fig. 28, a), so that the 

 whole wound resembles the letter T. Then from the 

 scion is pared off a bud with a portion of the bark 

 (fig. 23, b), and the latter is pushed below the bark 

 of the stock until the bud is actually upon the naked 

 wood of the stock ; the upper lips of the wound in 

 the stock and that of the bud are made to coincide, 

 the whole are fastened down by a ligature, and the 

 operation is complete. 



By these means we gain the important end of 

 bringing in close contact a considerable surface of 

 young organising matter. The organisation of wood 

 takes place on its exterior, and that of bark on its 

 interior surface, and these are the parts which are 

 applied to each other in the operation of budding ; 

 in addition to which the stranger bud finds itself, in 

 its new position, as freely in communication with ali- 

 mentary matter, or more so, than on its parent branch. 

 A union takes place of the cellular faces, or horizon, 

 tal system, of the stock and bark of the bud, while 

 the latter, as soon as it begins to grow, sends down 

 the woody matter, or vertical system, through the 

 cellular substance. In consequence of the horizontal 

 incision, the returning sap of the scion is arrested in 

 its course, and accumulates a little just above the new 

 bud, to which it is gradually supplied as it is required. 

 Sometimes the whole of the wood of the bud below 

 the bark is allowed to remain; and, in that case, 

 conLact between the organising surfaces of the stock 



