216 APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES. 



from a scion ; and binding down the whole. This 

 is performed only in the spring, and has the advan- 

 tage of being so contrived that the stranger bud 

 is placed immediately below that part of a branch 

 where processes of organisation are most active, 

 namely, below a central bud of the stock ; and from 

 occupying all the circumference, it must necessarily 

 receive the whole of the alimentary and organised 

 matter sent downwards by that bud. It is employed 

 in Bavaria for the Mulberry.* (See Oard. Mag. v. 

 425.) 



In Grafting no attempt is made to apply the inner 

 surface of the bark of a scion to the outer sur- 

 face of the wood of the stock ; but the contact 

 is effected by flie wood of the two, and their 

 bark only joins at the edges. Whip-grafting 

 {fig. 25) is the commonest kind ; it is per- 

 formed by heading down a stock, then paring 

 one side of it bare for the space of an inch 

 or so, and cutting down obliquely at the 

 upper end of the pared part, towards the pith ; 

 the scion is levelled obliquely to a length 

 corresponding with the pared surface of the 

 stock, and an incision is made into it near 

 the upper end of the wound obliquely up- 

 wards, so as to form a "tongue," which is 

 forced into the corresponding wound in the 

 stock ; care is then taken that the bark of the 

 scion is exactly adjusted to that of the stock 

 and the two are bound firmly together. 



* [The success of thi* practice will be found to depend mate- 



