50 



DUDLEY MEMORIAL VOLUME 



expected that the early stages would conform to the usual type found in the 

 Jungermanniales. 



In his description of the genus Calycularia given in Engler and Prantl's 

 Natiirliche Pflanzenfamilien, Schiffner states that the antheridium has a 

 single celled stalk, but in his later description of C. radiculosa, given in his 

 work on the Liverworts of Buitenzorg he says that he did not see the male 

 plants, so that this description would not apply to that species, and as we 

 shall see, the stalk is multicellular, very much like that of Pallavicinia. 



Figure 6, A shows a longitudinal section of the youngest perfect 

 antheridium that was found. The short stalk shows in sections two rows of 

 cells and the upper portion shows a mass of young spermatogenous cells 

 surrounded by a single layer of sterile cellg. Figure 6 B shows a cross-section 

 of an antheridium of about the same age. Sometimes the stem, of the 

 antheridium is more slender and may have a single basal cell (Fig. 6 E) 

 which often becomes very much elongated. 



Before the final division of the spermatogenous cells they are polygonal 

 in outline, with dense contents usually more or less contracted, but how far 

 this is normal and how far it is due to artificial shrinkage could not be 

 determined. The cell walls are clearly defined. The nucleus is conspicu- 

 ous and stains strongly. The contents appear somewhat finely granular, the 



Fig.7. Spermatogenesis. All figures magnified about 750. A, B, spermatogenic 

 cells, just before the final mitosis ; in B can be seen two small bodies, b, which are 

 probably the young blepharoplasts. C, D, stages in the development of the sper- 

 matozoid. E, I, M, show the pair of spermatocytes seen from the side, the others 

 are mostly single spermatocytes seen from above; b, blepharoplast ; c, cilia; n, 

 nucleus of the young spermatozoid. Figs. L, M, show the mature spermatozoids. 



