60 DUDLEY MEMORIAL VOLUME 



to Schiffner, is very different from that of the other species of Calycularia. 

 He examined C. crispula and found that the capsule is much smaller than 

 in C. radiculosa, and was perfectly round instead of being oval. The wall 

 showed quite a different structure, being composed of two layers of cells with 

 somewhat different markings from those found in Calycularia radiculosa. 



In the ripe sporogonium in the latter species (See Fig. 12, A, B) the 

 wall is much thicker at the apex, where there are five or six layers of cells 

 which form a sort of apical cap, while at the sides there are usually about 

 four layers of which the outer one is composed of much larger cells, the 

 inner layers being made up of much compressed thin walled cells. The 

 radial walls of the outermost layer of cells are marked by conspicuous thick- 

 ened bands, which are sometimes more or less confluent, giving the cells 

 much the appearance of reticulate tracheary tissue. The inner cells have 

 slight thickenings, but these are very irregularly disposed, and are almost 

 wanting upon the inner cells of the lateral walls of the sporogonium. 



At maturity there may be recognized four valves of equal size, but usu- 

 ally these do not separate completely, but remain together in pairs, the cap- 

 sule opening by two slits. (Fig. 1, D). There may be seen between 

 these two slits, however, a delicate line marking the junction between the two 

 coherent valves. Schiffner states that the valves never separate at the apex 

 but are held together by the apical cap of cells. While this is no doubt often 

 the case (See Fig. 2, D), it may happen that the two pairs of valves separate 

 completely. (Fig. E). In its dehiscence, therefore, Calycularia radiculosa 

 is more like Blyttia than it is like Morkia. In the other species of Calycularia 

 Schiffner states that the capsule at maturity breaks into several (5-6) irregular 

 parts which may break up still further, thus resembling Fossombronia. 



The seta finally becomes very long ( Fig. 2, D ) and its base is surrounded 

 by the very conspicuous vase-shaped perianth, whose opening is deeply lobed 

 and fringed. Material of Morkia was not available for comparison of the 

 structures of the sporogonium with that of Calycularia radiculosa, but sec- 

 tions of the sporogonium of Pallavacinia (Blyttia) radiculosa were made. 

 In this species the capsule is extremely long, cylindrical and very little 

 thicker than the seta. The foot is pointed and not clearly delimited from 

 the seta. 



The apex of the capsule is pointed and much more conspicuous than in 

 Calycularia (Fig. 12, I). The capsule wall also differs in the character of 

 the cells. There are about three layers of cells instead of four and the 

 outer cells have the walls uniformly thickened instead of showing the thick- 

 ened bands so conspicuous in Calycularia radiculosa. (Fig. 12, J.) 



