24 THE MARKETING OF WHOLE MILK 



Although milk comes from far outside the boundaries 

 of most cities, often across numerous state lines, — New 

 York City at times draws milk from seven states and 

 from two Canadian provinces ' — cities have relatively 

 little trouble in finding means of controlling their milk 

 supplies. 



Four principal methods are at present in use for safe- 

 guarding the milk supply of cities and towns: first, con- 

 trol of source of production and distribution, usually by 

 means of some system of permits or licenses. This method 

 is commonly combined with inspection of premises and 

 examination of milk sold. It makes possible control of 

 production of milk outside of the city's boundaries and 

 even outside of the state in which the city is located. 

 New York City, for example, imposes restrictions upon 

 the producers in other states as well as in the state of New 

 York. It does this by barring all milk which does not 

 comply with specified requirements and which is produced 

 by men who do not permit its inspectors to make exam- 

 inations of premises at all times. The second method in 

 use for the control of the milk supply of cities and towns 

 is controlled by examination of milk sold, which method 

 is usually limited to the larger cities, where laboratories 

 are available for analysis of samples. By checking up on 

 each producer's milk reaching the plants, a small force 

 can control a large area, since only farms with a high count 

 need be inspected often. The third method is the safe- 

 guarding of consumers by means of pasteurization of the 

 milk supply. This method is commonly used in combi- 

 nation with the other two and is seldom relied upon as the 

 sole method. 



The fourth method is publicity. In some of the smaller 



' Brown, Lucius P., in Report oj Special Milk Board of Mass., 1916, 221. 



