MILK AS A MARKET COMMODITY 43 



butterfat, with a definite premium per gallon for each one-tenth 

 point butterfat above standard. 



"5. By the gallon, the number of gallons being determined 

 by dividing the weight by 8.6. 



"6. By weight, which is determined by the jiumber of cans, 

 each can being supposed to hold a certain quantity of milk by 

 weight. 



" 7. By weight, the milk being weighed at receiving station or 

 at city plant. 



"8. Same as No. 4, with minimum standard for dairy farm 

 score, and premium for extra points in this score. 



"9. A certain price for a pound of butterfat and for 100 

 pounds of skimmed milk. 



"10. Same as No. 9, only the weight of the whole milk is 

 considered instead of the skimmed milk. 



"11. On the weight basis, with a minimum standard for 

 butterfat and premium for extra points. Sometimes the butter- 

 fat standard is established and deductions made for each one- 

 tenth point below this standard, as well as premiums for each 

 one-tenth point above it. In some cases the premium is paid 

 only for milk of three-tenths point or more above the standard, 

 while the deductions begin at one-tenth point below. 



"12. A certain price per 100 pounds, depending on the per 

 cent of butterfat, allowing 3 cents per one-tenth point butterfat 

 above or below the base price for the month for 100 points in 

 summer and 4 cents in winter. (Base price for each month is 

 from the average per cents of butterfat contained in the milk 

 for those months for a period of years.) Milk below 2.8 per cent 

 butterfat is paid for on the basis of sweet-cream fat. Deduction 

 is made for milk of solids not fat below 8.5 per cent. 



" 13. A certain price per point butterfat per gallon." 



In addition to payment for various units, prices are 

 quoted at various stages on the way to market. Thus in 

 many cases prices are quoted for milk delivered at the 

 plant door; in other instances the quotation is for milk 



