68 THE MARKETING OF WHOLE MILK 



of health requires that all farms producing milk for a plant 

 must be inspected before the milk of that plant can enter 

 the city. This is a safeguard for the consumers, and it is 

 certainly only fair to those producers who have gone to 

 the extra trouble and expense of complying with city 

 regulations to require that men outside the regular zone 

 also comply with these regulations before being allowed 

 to send milk to the city. 



Section 2. Railway Transportation of Milk 



As railroad transportation of milk to a large city be- 

 comes necessary, a few cans are picked up at stations along 

 the line and hauled as baggage. As the milk business in- 

 creases along such a line, however, the space allotted to 

 milk becomes insufficient, and a special car is necessary. 

 Still later, when enough milk comes to be shipped from 

 certain stations to fill or nearly fill a car at a single station, 

 cars are set out at such places to be picked up by the morn- 

 ing train, and, if not entirely filled, they are filled at the 

 next two or three stations, where lesser supplies of milk 

 have usually accumulated on large platforms and are 

 quickly transferred to the car by farmers and railroad 

 employees. Fully 25 per cent of the New York milk sup- 

 ply originates at points where entire car lots are thus 

 started.* As the milk business increases still further, so- 

 called special trains run into the city. In 191 6 twenty-one 

 such trains, composed of from eight to twenty-five cars 

 each and running from 49 to 295 miles without a stop 

 except for orders, etc., were serving New York City. 



Refrigeration is usually furnished by the carriers for 

 the less than car lot shipments, which in most instances 



' Interstate Commerce Commission Docket No. 8$$^) Brief for N. Y. Sanitary 

 Dealers, p. 77 (1916). 



