266 CLASSIFICATIOX OF VERTEBRATES. 



-ventrals jugular ; scales cycloid or wanting. A single family, Batrachid>e, 

 mostly from warmer seas. Batrachus, toad-fish ; Thalassophryne, poison 

 toad-fish. Porichthys, midshipman, of Pacific coast, with numerous dermal 

 organs, in structure resembling phosphorescent organs, but not lumirous. 



ORDER VII. PEDICULATI. 



Pectorals broad, suspended by an ' arm ' formed by the 

 elongation of the basilar bones ; head and anterior part of body 

 very large, without scales ; spinous dorsal far forward, the 

 spines often like tentacles ; gill opening a small foramen in or 

 near the axilla ; ventrals jugular. The most specialized of 

 fishes, with possibly an haplodocan ancestry. 



LophiiDjE, large mouth ; strong teeth ; ventrals present. Lopkius, 

 angler or goose-fish ; the genus dates from the eocene. Axte^-xariid^. 

 pectorals bent at an elbow-like angle; ventrals jugular; Pterophryne, in 

 gulf-weed. Antenuarius. MalthiDjE, mouth small, usually inferior. 

 Malthe, sea-bats. 



ORDER VIII. PLECTOGXATHI. 



Bones of upper and lower jaws each co-ossified ; post- 

 temporal simple ; ventrals reduced or wanting ; gills pectinate ; 

 gill opening narrow, just in front of pectorals ; spinous dorsal 

 small or wanting. The plectognaths have arisen from near the 

 squamipinnes (above), the teuthids being very near the trigger 

 fishes. 



Fig. -67. Swell-fish, ChiiomycUrus geometricus^ zit^T Gooie. 



SCLERODERMI, jaws with distinct teeth : spinous dorsal present : body 

 ■with scales or movable plates. Balistes, file-fish or trigger-fish ; Mima- 

 Ciinthiis, file-fishes; Acanthoderma. eocene; A biter a, unicorn-fish. Os- 

 TRACODERMi, jaws with distinct teeth; body enc'iosed in a three, four, or 



