4i6 



CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES. 



which the tail is frequently prehensile, and the premolars are |. Mycetes ir.- 

 cludes the howling monkeys : Pilhecia, the sakis : Ateles. the spider monkeys : 

 Cebus. the sapajous. species of which frequently accompany the organ- 

 grinder. Ho7nimculHS and Atithropops occur in the tertiary of Patagonia. 



The C.^TARRHIXI have the nasal septum narrow, the nostrils directed 

 forwards, and a dentition il. c \. p 4^. m \. In the Cercopithecid.e (Cy- 

 nopithecidae) the tail is usually long, the molars quadrituberculate, and the 

 ischial region presents callosities. All of the tailed apes of the old world 

 belong to this family. Cytwcephalits contains the baboons of .Africa, in which 

 the tail is of moderate size, and the maxillary bones swollen. Here also 

 belong the drill and mandrill. The macaques {Macocus), are almost entirely 



Fig. 378. Chimpanzee, Tro'lodyl:! niger, after Brehm. 



Asiatic, one species entering Europe at Gibraltar. Cercopithicus. Sftnift- 

 pithecus. The Simiid^, or .Axthropomorpha, contains apes in which ;be 

 tail is lacking, the anterior limbs longer than the posterior, and ischial cal- 

 losities lacking, except in Hylobatcs. which includes the gibbons of Asia, in 

 which the arms are so Ions tiiat they reach the ground when the animal is in 

 an upright position. Siinia includes the orang-utan of Sumatra and Borneo, 

 in which the great toe is small, the arms long, and the ribs. 12 pairs. Gorilla 

 of .Africa has 13 pairs of ribs, and prominent superciliary rid^res. Troglodytes 

 includes the chimpanzees, of which there are one or two species, in which 

 the ribs are as in gorilla. They come from western .Africa. 



The HOMixiDE. or BiM.\x.\. includes man. who is far less remote from 

 the simiidae than these are from the new-world monkeys. The chief charac- 

 ters are the upright position, the lack of opposable toe, the enormous size 

 of the brain, correlated with his mental development, and the distribution of 



