SILURIAN. 253 



Feet 

 Gray quartzose sandstone, containing white quartz pebbles, mingled with fragments of limestone 



in a greenish sandy matrix. These grits or conglomerates apparently occupy a space across the 



measures of about 1,000 feet, and with a dip of S. 65° E. <40° would give a thickness of 642 



White sandstone or quartzite in massive beds. These rocks are gray within but weather almost 

 snow-white, with vitreous surfaces, often drusy with small quartz crystals. Some portions are 

 pinkish or reddish and others spotted with small red dots. Their thickness, as given in the 

 "Geology of Canada," is only 40 feet, but they were found to have a surface breadth of 250 

 paces, which, with an average dip of 50°, would give a thickness of 420 



Coarse ehaly and rubbly conglomerate, holding limestone pebbles (with some quartz). They 

 dip S. 60° E. <;70° and have a breadth of 60 paces, corresponding to a thickness of 114 



Dark-gray sandstones. Dip S. 70° E. <20° Thickness about : 10 



Gray calcareous shales, filled with bands, nodules, and lenticular masses of limestone, abounding 

 in fossils. [For partial list, see op. cit.] These beds are regarded by Mr. Ami, by whom the 

 fossils have been examined and in part collected, as corresponding to the Chat River limestones, 

 equivalent to the upper part of the Chaleur group, and about equivalent to the lower part of 

 the Lower Helderberg formation. Dip S. 65° E. <60°. Thickness about 10 



Red and green shale, in alternating bands, with green argillaceous sandstones. The dip of these 

 beds where they overlie those last mentioned is S. 65° E. <15°, their strong slaty cleavage 

 having an underlay of N. 65° W. <80°, but in following them along the precipitous face of the 

 mountain they are found to fold over and exhibit a dip N. 40° W. <40° They are also broken 

 by a fault. Their estimated thickness is 125 



Gray nodular limestones, conspicuously divided by vertical joints, which often present curved 

 surfaces and produce .an appearance resembling that of fluted columns. These beds rest 

 directly upon the red and green shales and are probably arched with them, but toward the 

 southern end of the bluff resume their normal dip S. 65° E. at an angle of 50° The columnar 

 limestones, which contain but few fossils, have a thickness of about 10 feet and are followed 

 by about the same thickness of finely banded massive limestones, having at the top a zone, 

 from 1 foot to 18 inches thick, filled with branching corals, chiefly Favosites; it also holds shells 

 of Atrypa reticularis and Pentamerus. This is capped by more columnar limestone, the whole 

 having an aggregate thickness of about 50 



Gray hard sandstone, with beds of impure limestone, the sandstone containing remains of 

 Meristellse 30 



Gray nodular limestone, without observed fossils 30 



Gray banded limestone, filled with corals and other fossils, including Favosites gothlandicus 

 Lamarck, Strophodonta varistriata Conrad, in great abundance and forming the typical repre- 

 sentative of the zone [together with a number of other species; for list, see op. cit.]. (Mr. Ami 

 considers these fossils also to indicate the horizon of the lower portion of the Lower Helderberg 

 series.) Thickness about 30 



Gray arenaceous limestones and sandstones forming the upper portion of Mount Wissick but 

 sloping to the level of the lake, with a dip S. 70° B. <13°- These higher beds contain com- 

 paratively few fossils, among which are the following: A stromatoporoid form; crinoidal frag- 

 ments, in abundance; Chonetes sp., a rather arcuate form, smaller than C. nova-scotica Hall 

 and larger than C. tenuistriata Hall, resembling somewhat C. melonica Billings; Meristella sp. 

 Their supposed thickness is about 500 



The beds may, therefore, be correlated with the Lower Helderberg or with the Ludlow 

 formation of Britain. 



A summary of the above section is given in a later report by Bailey** from which 

 the following is taken: 



As represented upon Lake Temiscouata the portion of the Silurian system which immedi- 

 ately adjoins and overlaps the Cambrian strata to be presently described does not represent 

 the lowest member of that system, being composed of white sandstones and overlying calcare- 

 ous rocks, of which the fossils indicate an age ranging from the lower to the upper part of the 

 Lower Helderberg horizon, while at a short distance south are heavy conglomerates followed by 

 hard sandstones and shales containing fossils chiefly of the Niagara formation. * * * 



Immediately to the south of the above undoubted Silurian strata is found the great series 

 of slates first described in the "Geology of Canada" in connection with the Gaspe series and 

 which has since been found to spread so widely over the northern portions of New Brunswick, 

 as well as adjacent areas in Quebec and Maine. These slates, as seen along the lower half of 

 Temiscouata Lake and on the Madawaska Eiver, are of gray, bluish-gray, and dark-gray, rarely 



