CAEBONIFEEOUS UNDIVIDED. 389 



evidently collected together by concretionary action. The dolomite is not visible on a fresh 

 fracture, but, owing to its superior durability, it projects from weathered surfaces, over which 

 it often forms a rough reticulation. This limestone differs from the Upper Banff limestone in 

 being darker, more compact, and in the smaller number of crinoidal fragments and cherty con- 

 cretions which it contains, although neither of these are altogether absent. * * * 



The fossUs of the Banff limestone show both Devonian and Carboniferous forms, and include 

 a Rhynchonella like rockymontana, another like R. metcHlica, Atrypa reticularis, and a Spirifer 

 like S. whitneyi; also a species of Athyris, Productus', Lichas, Eridophyllum, and DiphyphyUum. 

 A large number of other species have been obtained, but these have not yet been studied. 



The upper shales of this series have yielded some Avicuhpectens and Lingulas. 



M 31. NEWFOUNDLAND. 



The Carboniferous of Newfoundland occurs in the general basin which contains 

 the lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) and upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) 

 of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The former is probably represented by 

 divisions a, h, and c of the classification quoted below, and the Pennsylvanian by 

 divisions d and e. They can not be separated on the geologic map with the 

 information at hand. 



Murray ^^ in his report for 1873 gave the following account: 



By a glance at the geological map of Canada it will immediately be observed that a vast 

 area of the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia is spread over by members of this 

 series; and further that the geographical position, where similar measures have been recognized 

 in Newfoundland, is suggestive of the latter being the prolongation of a great elliptical-shaped 

 trough extending from the former, the center of which is concealed beneath the waters of the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence. It may also be perceived that while in New Brunswick the formation 

 extends in a uniform unbroken sheet over the surface, it becomes broken and patched in Nova 

 Scotia and Cape Breton. The symmetry of the ellipse, moreover, will be seen to be broken 

 near its center at the Magdalen Islands, where a part of the lower members of the system come 

 to the surface, indicating the axis of an anticlinal fold bearing in the direction of St. George's 

 Bay. Proceeding from the westward, this fold would thus appear to be the first of a series of 

 disturbances, which increase in frequency farther east and which are intensely developed in 

 Newfoundland. The contemporaneity of the Carboniferous rocks of the latter with those of 

 the mainland is manifested by the same want of conformity with the older and supporting 

 formations and the almost exact resemblance which obtains in mineral, lithological, and fossil 

 characters throughout the stratigraphical sequence, from the base upward; but the accumula- 

 tion in the island would appear to be in considerably less volume than on the mainland, and so 

 far as our researches will permit the expression of opinion, it seems that it is in the upper members 

 that the Newfoundland series is principally wanting. The southeastern boundary of the forma- 

 tion may be traced from a little way north of Cape Ray along the northwest flank of the Long 

 Range of Laurentian mountains, up to the extreme head of St. George's Bay, where, although 

 concealed from view, it was supposed to cross over, and making a further stretch beneath the 

 marshes to the northward, finally sweeps round in a westerly course and crosses Harry's Brook 

 below Spruce Brook, .where it rests upon strata of Lower Silurian age. Its course westward is 

 then interrupted by the protrusion of the labradorites of the Indian Head Range; but westward 

 from that range the whole of the flat country is supported by Carboniferous rocks, which rest 

 upon the upturned edges of Lower Silurian strata, displayed in the mountains which bound the 

 plain, and on the coast of Port-a-Port Bay. Irregular patches of the formation are then found 

 farther west in Port-a-Port Bay, and a strip is displayed along the outer coast of the Long Point 

 Peninsula of the same, while to .the northward it is recognized in the valley of the Coal River. 



For convenience in describing the distribution of the series, I have divided it into five 

 members, distinguished by letters, from a to e, inclusive, the general vertical section of which. 

 is given below, in descending order. Corresponding letters will be found on the map. 



