498 INDEX TO THE STRATIGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Bailey *^ has the following to say in regard to the "Upper Carboniferous" of 

 New Brunswick: 



Upper Carboniferous (Permo-Carhoniferous f). — In the Geological Survey maps of south- 

 eastern New Brunswick, a considerable area bordering Bale Verte and portions of Northumber- 

 land Strait, and extending thence across the Chicgnecto Peninsula to Cumberland Basin and 

 Shepody Bay, is referred to under the above designations, while in the accompanying report 

 (1884) its author. Dr. R. W. Ells, describes the group as consisting generally of soft reddish or 

 purple-brown sandstone, grits, and shales, resting unconformably upon either the Millstone 

 grit or the Lower Carboniferous. Upon the western side of the Merangouin Peninsula, where 

 one of the unconformable contacts is weU exposed, they are estimated, by the author named, 

 to have a thickness of 1,250 feet. As seen in the vicinity of Sackville, they are said to resemble 

 very nearly the sandstones and associated beds of Capes Bald and Tormentine and of Prince 

 Edward Island. 



Discussion of this area by Ells and Bailey will be found in Chapter VIII (p. 384). 



The rocks of Prince Edward Island are discussed by Dawson and Ells. The 

 bulk of the island has been determined by Ells to be of "Permo-Carboniferous" 

 age, though held by Dawson to be Triassic, except for portions along the southern 

 and western coasts. Dawson '^^^ says: 



The principal addition to our knowledge of this formation is that contained in the report 

 by Dr. Harrington and myself published in 1871." In this we separated as Upper Carbonif- 

 erous, or "Permo-Carboniferous," an underlying series of red and gray sandstones and shales, 

 holding Carboniferous plants, extending from near Cape Wohe toward the north point, and a 

 similar series found at Governor's Island and Gallas Point in Hillsborough Bay. These are 

 undoubtedly extensions of the Carboniferous of Nova Scotia. AH the rest of the island is 

 occupied with Triassic rocks, in one place (Hog Island, in Richmond Bay) associated with trap. 

 The general relations of these rocks are seen in the sections. 



The beds of the Triassic series, as seen in Prince Edward Island, consist chiefly of soft 

 red sandstone, with some buff-colored beds and red and mottled clays. Associated with them 

 are conglomerates and hard calcareous and concretionary sandstones, passing into bands of 

 arenaceous limestone, which is in some places a dolomite. * * * [Section in Orwell Bay 

 and vicinity given.] 



The whole thickness of these beds can not much exceed 600 feet. Of this the lowest 270 

 feet * * * may be referred to the lower division, or "Bunter," and the remainder to the 

 upper division of the formation, or "Keuper." The dips are so low and the beds so much 

 affected by oblique stratification that those of the Trias can not be said to be unconformable 

 to the underlying Carboniferous rocks, and for this reason, as well as on account of the similarity 

 in mineral character between the two groups, some uncertainty may rest on the position of the 

 line of separation. That above stated depends on fossils, or a somewhat abrupt change of 

 mineral character, and on a slight change in the direction of the dip. These beds spread over 

 the greater part of the island, presenting a nearly horizontal attitude or lying in very flat syn- 

 clinals and anticlinals. They are well seen in the coast cUffs in many places, and several of 

 these coast sections are given in the report above referred to. 



Ells ^"^ in his report on explorations in the Gaspe Peninsula discusses the age 

 of the strata of Prince Edward Island and their resemblance to the rocks of New 

 Brunswick and concludes: 



It will be seen by reference to the report on this province by Drs. Dawson and Harrington 

 (1871) that though the larger part of the island was at that time considered by the authors 

 as of Triassic age, certain portions, among which are the coast from West Cape to Nail Pond 



o- Report on the geological structure and mineral resources of Prince Edward Island. 



