JURASSIC. 573 



south of the cape, Point of the Arches, 3 J miles still farther south, and in the region from Point 

 Greenville south to within a few miles of Grays Harbor. The types of rock composing this old 

 series embrace old diabase or greenstone, serpentine, quartzite, conglomerate, etc. 



These rocks are also described by Reagan ^®* as follows : 



Rocks supposed to be pre-Cretaceous in age are found in the central Olympic region, in the 

 central ridge which extends westward from the Olympics to Cape Flattery, and on the Pacific 

 front at Portage Head, 8 miles south of Cape Flattery, and at the Point of the Arches, 4 miles 

 farther south, and in the region from Point Granville south to within a few miles of Graj'-s 

 Harbor, and a few other smaller exposxu'es along the Pacific shore Une. So far no rocks of this 

 age have been foimd on the north slope of the peninsula. * * * 



The series containing the syenite, gneiss, quartzite, protogene, crystalline and chlorite 

 schists is here placed by the writer in the supposed Cretaceous. Its approximate area is not 

 known, neither is its thickness where the central core of the western extension of the Olympics 

 is exposed. Along the east and west axis of the western part of the peninsula, at Beaver Falls, 

 in the East ClaUam-La Push wagon-road, [it] is composed of a very hard dark-gray plutonic 

 rock of more than 10,000 feet in thickness. This core, however, is exposed only in patches. 

 Its greatest thickness is in the vicinity of Clallam Peak. Toward Cape Flattery it is capped 

 with sedimentary deposits. Here it is composed of metamorphosed sandstone and quartzite. 

 It may prove to be of Eocene age. 



At Portage Head, Point of the Arches, and at Point Granville the type rock of this old 

 series is conglomerate, quartzite, old diabase or greenstone, serpentine, etc. 



This old series, wherever found, is much fractured and faulted and cut by quartz veins, 

 which occasionally carry gold and silver in smaU quantities. The principal veins carrying 

 precious metals are found in the Point of Arches group and in the vicinity of Clallam Peak and 

 Beaver Falls. An odor of benzine is also given off from the serpentine and conglomerate rocks 

 of this group in the Point of the Arches, derived likely from the shales that are found a mile 

 farther south. There are no other shales or oil-producing rocks in the vicinity; the age of these 

 shales is in doubt, but they are Cretaceous or still yoimger. 



M 10. WASHINGTON AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. 



A western occurrence of supposed Mesozoic strata is exposed on the northern 

 portion of Nooksak River and is thus described by George Otis Smith :^*'' 



For some miles below Shuksan the outcrops on the walls of the canyon of the north Nooksak 

 are of sedimentary rocks distinctly less metamorphosed than those assigned to the Paleozoic. 

 They are mainly sandstones, with some cherty layers and conglomerates. Green colors are 

 rather characteristic of all the rocks. At Austin Pass there are greenish sandstones and banded 

 shales which show on the average about thd same degree of induration as the similar rocks of 

 the Pasayten formation. On hthologic grounds, then, it appears probable that there may be a 

 belt of Mesozoic rocks trending northwest from Austin Pass. 



There is, moreover, some paleontologic evidence bearing on this question. In 1898 there 

 were sent to Mr. J. S. Diller by Mr. W. H. Fuller, of Fairhaven, Wash., some fossils collected 

 on Cowap or Canyon Creek and on the ridge north of it. Mr. T. W. Stanton examined the 

 material and reported on it as follows : 



"The * * * fossUs * * * are evidently aU from one horizon, which I beheve to 

 be upper Jurassic, this opinion being based chiefly on the distinctly striated form of AuceUa 

 identified with A. erringtoni (Gabb) of the California upper Jm-assic Mariposa beds. Tliis 

 species was collected at both locahties. The collection from Canyon Creek includes also a 

 fragmentary Pleuromya and the impression of a small belemnite. 



"The collection from the divide between Canyon Creek and the waters of Eraser River 

 contains the AuceUa erringtoni, a fragment of an ammonite apparently belonging to the genus 

 Stephanoceras, a small, slender belemnite Hke that from the last-mentioned locality and the 

 phragmacone of a large, robust belemnite." 



