LOWER CRETACEOUS. 609 



Maryland. In North Carolina the Upper Cretaceous reappears and covers a wide area to the 

 south of the Hatteras axis. 



LoTig Island and southern New England. — It has been long recognized that Upper Cretaceous 

 deposits occur on Long Island and farther east, but although it has been apparent that the 

 strata were the continuation of similar deposits in New Jersey, where their limits are better 

 known, a satisfactory correlation of these deposits has never been made. It is apparent that 

 the Raritan, the Magothy, and possibly the overlying Matawan are represented. The flora 

 thus far studied is chiefly of the Magothy type, although the lower beds on Long Island contaui 

 forms that represent the Raritan, while the marine animal remauis which have been found both 

 in place and in reworked deposits on Long Island, Block Island, and Marthas Vineyard and at 

 Marshfield, Mass., are of Matawan types so far as they can be determined. It is possible that 

 they belong to beds in the upper Magothy, for marine fossils have been found in Magothy 

 strata on the south shore of Raritan Bay, the fauna as a whole being similar to that of the 

 Matawan. 



Many contributions have been made to the knowledge of this region by those who have 

 visited and studied it, among the more important being those of Newberry ,^^°' "" Shaler,'^*' ''^'^^ ''^° 

 David Wliite,^''='«»* HoUick, «7,«8,459 ^nd Veatch.^^^ 



The strata consist of sands and clays, the former in places irregularly bedded and of varying 

 degrees of fineness and more or less stained with iron, while the latter are plastic and locally 

 Ugnitic. Sandy, more or less glauconitic clays have also been found. 



New Jersey. — The deposits of Upper Cretaceous age are more extensively developed in 

 New Jersey than elsewhere in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain and may be regarded as 

 forming the type section for that region. The major divisions can be more elaborately differ- 

 entiated there than farther south and a much fuUer classification has been proposed. 



A study of the Cretaceous deposits of the New Jersey region began much earlier than in 

 neighboring States and many contributions have resulted. Among those who have given 

 a large amount of attention to the geology of this area are Morton,""* Cook,"' Newberry,"" 

 ■Whitfield,925 Clark,"^' >«- ""> ^^^ Weller,*'* and Berry.'- '"- '« 



The following scheme of classification has been adopted for the New Jersey Upper Creta- 

 ceous : 



Manasquan formation. 

 Kancocas group: 



Vincentown sand. 

 Homerstown marl. 

 Monmouth group: 

 Redbank sand. 

 Navesink marl. 

 Mount Laurel sand. 

 Matawan group: 

 Wenonah sand. 

 Marshalltown formation. 

 English town sand. 

 Woodbury clay. 

 Merchantville clay. 

 Magothy formation. 

 Raritan formation. 



The Raritan formation directly overlies the crystalline rocks or the Newark group, as the 

 case may be, and consists of clays, sands, and gravels. It has been estimated to have a maxi- 

 mum thickness of about 300 feet at the outcrop, but it has been penetrated in weU borings to a 

 probable depth of 600 feet. An extensive flora has been described. 



The Magothy formation unconformably overlies the Raritan formation and consists of 

 dark clays and light sands. The clays are commonly lignitic. The deposits attain a maximum 

 thickness of about 100 feet. An extensive flora quite distinct from and more recent than the 

 Raritan flora has been found, as weU as a marine fauna closely allied to that of the succeeding 

 Matawan. 



48011"— 12 39 



