834 INDEX TO THE STEATIGEAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA. 



(Oligocene), and Fort Logan beds (upper Oligocene, John Day?). (See pp. 775-776.) 

 The Miocene he assigned to the "Loup Fork," and recognized three divisions — 

 Deep River beds (upper Deep River of Scott ''"), Flint Creek beds, and Madison 

 Valley beds. Scott quotes from the first description by Grinnell and Dana ( 1875) . 

 (See Chapter XVI, p. 776.) 



M 12-13. CYPRESS HILLS, SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN. 



McConnell ^^^ gives the following notes on the Cypress Hills, in Saskatchewan : 



The most interesting result of the geological examination of the district has been the 

 discovery of an extensive area of Miocene beds, the first found in Canadian territory east of the 

 Rocky Mountains. These beds cap all the more elevated parts of the range of uplands extending 

 in a direction a little north of east, from the west end of the Cypress Hills to the east end of 

 Swift Current Creek plateau, a distance of 140 miles. They have an average width of 15 miles, 

 and cover altogether an area of nearly 1,400 square miles. They are unconformable to the 

 beds below and in their western extension rest on the Laramie, but near East End Coulee they 

 overlap it and are then underlain by the Fox Hill and Pierre. They have a general easterly 

 dip of about 15 feet per mile, which is somewhat greater than that of the underlying beds, and 

 in their eastern part are affected to some extent by the same depressed fold which has thrown 

 the White Mud River Laramie area into a flattened form. 



The Miocene beds are characterized by the great quantity of waterworn pebbles, ^derived 

 from the quartzite formations of the Rocky Mountains, which are found in every part of the 

 series. The pebbles are usually cemented together into massive beds of hard conglomerate but 

 also occur distributed irregularly through or arranged in layers and lenticular beds in the sands 

 and sandstones. The more massive conglomerate beds are foimd toward the western part of 

 the area or around its outskirts. The associated beds, consisting of sands, sandstones, marls, 

 and clays, are described in a previous part of the report. They are all very irregular, and 

 seldom remain constant in composition for any distance along their strike. 



Under the general name of the South Saskatchewan gravels are included the pebble con- 

 glomerates and incoherent gravels and silty beds which are found, as valley or lake deposits, 

 in different parts of the district and which, although destitute of organic remains so far as 

 examined, are known by their relative position to be intermediate in age between the Miocene 

 and Quaternary and to belong mostly to the period immediately preceding the latter. They 

 are, however, not all contemporaneous and in one or two places afford evidence, by the admix- 

 ture of Laurentian and quartzite pebbles toward the top, of a gradual blending with the lowest 

 glacial beds. The deposit is usually confined to a single bed of conglomerate, varying in thick- 

 ness from 2 up to 50 feet, composed of small quartzite pebbles, precisely similar to those found 

 in the Miocene, and either consolidated by a calcareous or ferruginous cement, or with its 

 constituents lying loose in a sandy matrix. In some places the conglomerate is overlain by a 

 considerable thickness of sandy or silty beds. 



Cope's report on the vertebrates ^^^"^ is published as an appendix to McConnell's 

 report. 



N 8-9. GRAHAM ISLAND, QUEEN CHARLOTTE GROUP. 



The Tertiary sediments of Graham Island are described by Ells ^'®* as gray 

 cross-bedded quartzose grits, having a calcareous cement and holding scattered 

 pebbles; gray and black shales in thin beds; conglomerates; and lignites. The age 

 of these sediments appears to be Miocene or later but is incorrectly shown as earlier 

 Tertiary on the map of North America. (See also tabular view of formations of 

 Queen Charlotte Islands, by G. M. Dawson, Chapter XII, p. 540.) 



