214 UMBELLiFER^. [Heracleum. 



Fruit (syndicarps) broadly elliptical or suborbicular, mucb compressed, nearly 

 plane, slightly pubescent. 



Our farmers would probably find it worth their while to grow the Parsnip on a 

 large scale as a root-crop instead of Mangold Wurzel, since the soil and clinjate 

 of this island are so propitious to its spontaneous production. 



XXII. Heeacleum, Linn. Cow-parsnip. 



" Fruit flat, with a broad border. Carpels with 3 dorsal ribs 

 and 2 distant marginal ones, and rather short club-shaped vittw 

 in the interstices. Petals obcordate, point inflected ; outer ones 

 radiant. (Involucre deciduous ,- partial of many leaves)." — Br. Fl. 



1. H. Sphondylium, L. Common Cow -parsnip. Hogtveed. 

 " Leaves pinnated rough hairy, leaflets pinnatifid cut sinuated, 

 ultimate one somewhat palmated, petals unequal, fruit glabrous 

 nearly orbicular."— ^r. Fl. p. ] 73. E. B. t. 939. 



jS. Leaves more deeply cut, with narrower lobes. H. angustifolium, Sm. 



y. Flowers white. 



On moist hedgebanks, in damp pastures, woods, borders of fields and waste 

 bushy places ; common. FL J une. Fr. August. 



/3. Near Byde. 



y. Marvel copse, near Newport. 



Fruit (syndicarps) large, about 5 lines in length, glabrous, pale whitish brown 

 when ripe, ovate-orbicular, very thin and flat, their emarginate summit crowned 

 with the styles and the stylopodes ; mericarps with 5 filiform ridges on their outer 

 face, of which 3 traverse the centre from end to end, the oirter pair forming an 

 ellipse, the middle one straight ; two lateral ridges remote, placed near to and fol- 

 lowing the outline of the dilated margin, and uniting below with the rest; face of 

 the commissure with 3 ridges, that correspond with the central one, and lateral 

 pair on the exterior surface ; interstices plane ; vittae single between the ridges, 4 

 on the outer, 2 on the dorsal face, on the upper part of each, dimidiate, inversely 

 clavate or sublinear, obtuse or pointed, subarcuate, the dorsal pair shorter, broader 

 and blunter, uot reaching the summit. Carpophore bipartite. Seed broadly 

 elliptical, flat. 



** Syndicarps armed with rows of straight, hooked or incurved prickles, and 

 shorter intermediate bristles ; not beaked. 



XXIII. Daucds, Linn. Carrot. 



" Fruit dorsally compressed, elliptic-oblong. Carpels with 3 

 dorsal ribs and 2 in the inner face, bristly, the 4 interstices very 

 prominent, and crowned with a single row of long flat prickles. 

 Albumen sohd. Petals radiant, those of the ray deeply bifid. 

 (Involucres often pinnatifid)." — Br. Fl. 



1. D. Carota,* L. Common Carrot. Bird's-nest. Leaves tri- 

 pinnate, leaflets pinnatisect the segments lanceolate-acute, umbels 



* Car is a Celtic word for red, and appears in several compounds expressing 

 objects of that colour, as carmine, carnation, from caro, ca.rms, flesh ; cornelian, 

 carbo, a burning coal, from its redness ; also, it is said, the French word Garance, 

 madder, the root of which dyes a fine red. Hence, too, Carrot means literally red 

 root. 



