21S UMBELLIFEE.13. [ToriUs. 



round, striated, quite smooth, glabrous and often purplish at base, filled with a 

 tissue of fine white pentagonal or hexagonal cells ; gradually becoming roughish 

 upwards with appressed retiorse bristles, mostly very copiously and divaricately 

 branched, often from the very base, at other times simple for some distance from 

 the root, branches repeatedly forked, patent or widely spreading, diffuse or even 

 decumbent, somewhat angular, scabrous with retrorse bristles, those from the very 

 base of the stem long, straight and erect. Leaves pale grayish gieen or often 

 finally purplish, roughish and ciliated on both sides with white appressed bristles 

 pointing forwards, the lowermost withering early, of a lighter and brighter green 

 than those nearer the summit of the stem, and like those of the centre ovate or ob- 

 long in circumscription, from about 3 to 6 inches in length, doubly pinnato-pinna- 

 tifid, on rather long lax or drooping and shaathing petioles, with narrow indexed or 

 involute membranous margins ; leaflets from 5 to 7 or even 9, o]iposite, in pairs 

 with a terminal one, the pairs remote, the lowermost pair on longish, the rest on 

 shorter stalks, ovale or ovato-lanceolale, pinnato-pinnatifid, the lobes deeply cut 

 and serrate, the serratures lanceolate, very acute, tcucronulate, the temiinal leaf- 

 let usually ternately lobed or decompound : uppermost leaves smaller and nar- 

 rower, the leaflets usually 5, of the highest of all 3, the terminal leaflet much pro- 

 duced, simply and sharply serrate, entire or slightly compounded only, their points 

 in general more or less recurved. General, involucres either quite wanting or 

 reduced to 1 or 2 appressed very small scales, or to a single subulate leaf; partial 

 involucres of several very unequal subulate leaves, one usually subtending each 

 fruit-bearing pedicel, as long or longer than the latter, and pretty closely applied 

 to it. Umbels opposite the leaves, on longish scabrous peduncles or naked branches, 

 few- (2 to 6 or 7) rayed, the rays unequal, much shorter than the peduncles, sca- 

 brous like the stem and branches, but in a reversed direction, the bristles pointing 

 upwards ; mnbellets many-rayed, the rays shorter than the mature fruit, the inner 

 one bearing staniinale flowers only, and hence concealed as the fruit enlarges. 

 Flowers small, the exterior above (4 to 8 or 9) hermaphrodite, the rest staminate. 

 Calyx of 5 minute, triangular, diaphanous, acute teeth, often purple at their tips, 

 scabrous. Petals white, or as compared with those of T. Anthriscus cream-co- 

 loured, sometimes slightly tinged with red, a little bristly at the back, the 3 exterior 

 ones of the outermost flowers much the largest, roundish obovate, deeply and une- 

 qually emarginate, flat and with shorter incurved points, the remaining two and 

 all those of the interior flowers broadly obcordate, with broad, ligulate, channelled, 

 inflexed summits, rather enlarged than tapering at the end, which is very abi-upt, 

 truncate, apiculate or even emarginate. Stamens and pollen white. Styles short, 

 erect or diverging, colourle.ss, globoso-capitate, obsolete in the inner i^wers ; a 

 little elongated, widely spreading and even reflexed in fruit ; stylopodes greenish, 

 not coloured, (In T. Aiilhriscus the styles and stylopode are usually, though not 

 always, purplish like the anthers.) Syndicarps about 2 or 3 lines in length, 

 broadly ovate-elliptical, laterally compressed, at first mostly purplish from the 

 colour of the immature prickles, when quite ripe reddish gray or ash-colour, 

 crowned with the reflexed styles ; hemicarps densely beset on the secondary ridges 

 and interstices with spreading, ascending or recurved, retrorsely scabrous prickles, 

 which are mostly minutely glochidiate, with a simple S])reading or deflexed point, 

 quadriserial, each series 3- or 4-rowed, the 2 lateral series marginal ; primary 

 ridges filiform, beset with straight erect or subappressed white spinules, the lateral 

 pair on the face of the commissure ; albumen grooved in fiont (campylospermous). 

 Carpophore bipartite. 



The plant has a sweetish but faint unpleasant odour, and the root a warm and 

 somewhat pungent smell. 



3. T. nodosa, Gsertn. Knotted Hedge Parsley. " Stem pros- 

 trate, umbels lateral simple subsessile, fruit sometimes warted." 

 —Br. Fl. p. 180. Caucalis, E. B. t. 199. Jacq. Fl. Aust. v. 40 ; 

 Afji. t. 24 (prfest.) Fl. Dan. xii. t. 1990 (opt.) 



