870 COMPOSITE. [Arctivm. 



E. Med. — Abundant in Luccombe landslip, and in many pavls of the Under- 

 clifF. [On Bembridge down and St. Helen's spit, Dr. Bell-Sailer, Edrs,] 



W. Med. — About Blackgang, and on St. Catherine's down, plentiful. 



Root very long, tapering, with few filires, t(JUgh, woody, and covered wilh a 

 thick soft bark. Stem solitary erect, 10 — 20 inches high, roundish, furrowed, 

 leafy, purplish, and covered with a. loose cottony web, either simple and having a 

 solitary flower, or branched in a corymbose manner and bearing three or many 

 more flowers, one at the end of each branch. Leaves alternate, gessile, slightly 

 decurrent and recurved, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, folded, irregularly waved 

 and sinuate, covered, but mostly so on the under side, with the same cottony 

 plexus as the stem itself, sometimes, it is said, smooth, gradually diminishing in 

 length towards the summit of the stem, where they are very short, their margins 

 armed with pungent but rather weak, partly spreading and partly erect spines. 

 Flowers terminal. Involucre subglobose, cottony, its outermost scales or leaflets 

 like the leaves, and spreading; then foiUow several rows of purplish brown, slen- 

 der, compound, yellow-tipped spines, which are succeeded by a row or two of 

 linear, acute and shiniug, chafiy scales, of a straw-yellow colour, spreading like 

 rays when the flowers open. Receptacle spongy, beset with white, concave, 

 chafi'y paleEB, torn or cleft into several bristle-like laciniae. 



** " Pappus in many roivs, not surrounded by a prominent margin." — Bab. Man. 



XXI. Arctium, Linn. Burdock. 



Fruit 4-sicIecl. Pappus short, pilose. Receptacle chaffy. In- 

 volucre globose, the scales with an incurved hook at the point. 



1. A. Lappa, Ij. Common Burdock. " Leaves cordate stalked." 

 —Be. Fl. p. 219. E. B. t. 1228. 



/3. Involucre with a cobweb-like down. A. Bardana, Willd. : E. B. t. 2478. 



In dry pastures, borders of fields, on waste ground, by waysides, along hedges, 

 ditchbauks, and amongst rubbish, &c. ; very common, i^i. July, August. $. 



(3. Much the more frequent var. of the two. 



XXII. Carduus, Linn. Thistle. 



" Lwolucre imbricated, with simple, spinous, pointed scales. 

 Receptacle with fimbriated scales. Achenes compressed, oblong, 

 with a somewhat fleshy terminal areola. Pappus long, pilose or 

 X^lumose, united into a ring at the base and deciduous." — Br. Fl. 



* Pappus rough. 



1. C. nutans, L. Musk Thistle. " Leaves decurrent sinuate 

 spinous, heads hemispherical solitary drooping, scales of the invo- 

 lucre lanceolate, outer ones spreading." — Br. Fl. p. 820. E. B. 

 t. 1112. 



In dry waste ground, rough barren fields, pastures and fallows ; plentiful in 

 calcareous soils ; abundant on the sides of our high downs and in cbalk-pits. 

 Fl. May — October. $ . or (ex Sm.) 0. 



2. C. acanthoides, L. Welted Thistle. " Ijeaves decurrent 

 lanceolate sinuate pinnatifid spinous, heads globose nearly ses- 

 sile solitary or aggregated, involucral scales linear-subulate erect 

 or spreading." — Br. Fl. p. 220. E. B. t. 973. Fl. Dan. viii. t. 

 1341. Jacq Fl. Aust. iii. 28, t. 249. C. crispus, L. 



