290 CAMPANCLACE.T.. [Camjmnula. 



On gravelly or sandy heaths and commons, hedgebanks, in groves, thickets and 

 Imshy places ; in many parts of the island abundantly. Ft. August, September. 



U- 



£. Med. — Plentiful on Lake common and Royal heath. Heathy ground about 

 Niton and Whilwell heath, near Smallgains, abundantly. Plentiful on Yarbury 

 hill, by Niton. Common between Bookley and Bohemia. In the sandy lane 

 between Morion farm and Grove. Anthony's common, near Ryde. 



W. Med. — Near Kingston. 



/3. In the hollow on the road between Blackwater and Rookley. On Apse 

 heath, frequent. 



Root with many long, round, simple fibres. Stem 1 — •2 feet high, rounded, 

 solid, rough with minute hairs or bristles. Leaves scattered above, more crowded 

 below, alternate, liuear-lanceolale, acute, slightly hairy, dark green, of a firm tex- 

 ture, their margins incurved with many or few teeth pointing forwards, sometimes 

 with only a single tooth towards the base, the rest of the leaf quite entire. Flowers 

 large, bright yellow, the central one expanding first, on long erect pedicels, spring- 

 ing from a cmnmou point, and thus constituting an imperfect umbel or cyme, with 

 mostly several scattered peduncles below. Invotvcre blackish green, its outer 

 scales recurved at the tips, inner ones erect, all acute, with a dark keel. Florets 

 all perfect, hairy at the top of the tube, the ligulm long, with 5 equal teeth. Re- 

 ceptacle slightly hairy ; alveoli deep and close together. Achenia angular, stri- 

 ated. 



The var. (3. diffsrs only in the greater breadth of the leaves, which have several 

 large teeth curved and pointing forwards. 



Order XLIV. CAMPANULACE.^, Juss. 



" Calyx-ivihe. adnate with the ovary, mostly 5-lohed, lobes per- 

 sistent. Corolla regular or irregular, mostly 5-lobed, marcescent, 

 sestivatioii valvular. Stamens free from the corolla and equal in 

 number with its segments, free or more or less combined. An- 

 thers 2-celled, free or more or less cohering, opening longitudi- 

 nally. Ovary with 2 or more polyspermous cells. Style 1, 

 pubescent on the upper half. Stigma simple or lobed, naked (not 

 surrounded by a circle of hairs). Fruit dry, opening between the 

 dissepiments. Seeds fixed to the axis. Albumen fleshy. Embryo 

 straight. — Herbaceous or suifruticose. Leaves mostly alternate, 

 trithout stipules. Flowers generally blue or white. Lactescent and 

 bitter. 



I. Campanula,* Lwm. Bell-flower. 



" Calyx 5-parted. Corolla mostly bell-shaped, with 5 broad 

 and shallow segments. Ajithers free ; filaments dilated at the 

 base. Stigma .3 — 5 fid. Capsules not elongated, 3 — 5 celled, 

 opening by lateral pores outside the segments of the calyx." — 

 Bab. Man. 



* Name, a diminutive of Campana, itself a Latin word of the Lower Empire to 

 signify a hell, which instrument was first used in churches by Paulinus, Bishop of 

 Nola, in Camparaa. 



