Campanula.] campanulace^. 291 



The species of Campanula diminish extremely in insular climates and towards 

 their western shores, apparently avoiding tlie sea air as injurious. Hence they 

 are found to increase in proportion as we advance eastward on the Conlinent, 

 where, as in Germany, Switzerland, Hungary, Russia and Siberia, they abound 

 in great variety. Even amongst the comparatively few that inhabit Britain, the 

 same distribution is observable, the midland and eastern counties of England pro- 

 ducing them in the greatest number and frequency, whilst in Scotland, Wales, 

 Ireland and the western counties of England there is a sensible deficiency of the 

 species. In the Channel Islands not a single true Campanula is known to grow 

 wild: even the common Harebell is banished from their Flora. 



1. C. glomerata, L. Clustered Bell-flower. Little Throatwort. 

 " Stem angular simple nearly smooth, leaves scabrous crenate 

 oblong-lanceolate, root-leaves petiolate, those of the stem semi- 

 amplexicaul, flowers sessile mostly in a terminal cluster, capsule 

 erect with the clefts at the base."— Sr. Fl. p. 248. E. B. t. 90. 



On dry hilly pastures, chalk downs and banks, sometimes in woods ; not unfre- 

 quent. Fl. May— October. 2^. 



E. Med. — Very abundant on the summit and North-eastern slope of Bembridge 

 down, with flowers much aggregated. Bembridge, Dr. Bostock in Withering !i! 



W. Med. — On Freshwater down in various places, as near the Needles hotel 

 and lighthouse, but scarcely an inch high, being browsed down by the sheep. Most 

 abundantly (dwarf var.) on the down (Calbourne down ?) between Calbourne and 

 Brixton, nearly at the back of the great plantation at Westover, some specimens 

 with white and others with pale blue flowers. Afton and Freshwater down, in 

 plenty, Mr. W. D. Smoke !.'! 



Moot of several long, whitish, cylindrical, simple or branched fibres, often a lit- 

 tle creeping. Stem I or more, erect, simple or a little and very shortly branched 

 a1)ove, solid and leafy, milky, from one or two inches high on open exposed downs,* 

 to as many feet in woods and on sheltered banks, rounded and somewhiit angular 

 from the slightly decurrent leaves, often purplish above, and downy all over with 

 white, simple, deflexed or partly spreading hairs. Leaves a good deal like those 

 of Sage, dull gray-green, rugose, strongly and copiously veined and reticulated 

 beneath, waved, their margins more or less evenly crenato-serrate, somewhat harsh 

 with fine, short, close, erect pubescence. Radical and some of the lower stem- 

 leaves on long, semiterete, channelled and slightly winged petioles, oblongo-lan- 

 ceolate, cordate at the base or attenuated into the footstalk on the same plant, 

 undulated or nearly plane ; uiiper stern-leaves almost sessile, the highest of all 

 quite so, short, ovate and a little clasping, usually much waved and twisted, their 

 points deflexed. Flowers sessile, erect, mostly conglomerate in a dense, terminal, 

 bracteated head or cluster on the main stem, with several lateral smaller clusters 

 in the axils of the upper leaves, deep purple or violet-blue, sometimes white, 

 nearly an inch in lensith. Bracts usually 3 beneath eiich cluster, broadly ovate. 

 Cab/x much shorter than the corolla, pubescent, its segments triangidar-lanceo- 

 late, erect and acute. Corolla hairy within and without, subcylindrical, 5-ribbed, 

 cleft nearly half-way down, the segments ovato-oblong, acute, reflexed or spread- 

 ing. Stamens with very short, flat, pellucid filaments ; anthers greenish yellow, 

 linear, curved and twisted. Style shorter than the corolla, cylindrical, more or 

 less pubescent; stigina downy, trifid, the lobes at first coarctate, at length revo- 

 lute. Capsule small. Seeds rather few and large, ovate or elliptical, pale brown, 

 flatfish, with a compressed border, apparently covered with a close finely stiiated 

 cuticle. 



* On the bleak and lofty downs at the western extremity of the island this 

 species scarcely attains an inch in height, and specimens from thence were actu- 

 ally described and figured by Withering (Arrangem. of Br. Pis. 3 ed. ii. p. 282, 

 and pi. xi. fig. 8) as a new species of Gentian, and named by him G. collina. 



