222 FEEDS AND FEEDING, ABRIDGED 



ft. per minute, or to lift 1 lb. at the rate of 33,000 ft. per minute. To 

 illustrate, a horse drawing up a loaded bucket weighing 100 lbs. from 

 a well 330 feet deep in one minute exerts a force equal to 1 horse- 

 power. 



The work which horses can do depends on their weight, muscular 

 development, and endurance. On the average, a 1,000-lb. horse work- 

 ing steadily 10 hours a day can develop about 0.67 to 0.83 horse power 

 and do 6,600 to 8,200 foot-tons of work a day. A 1,600-lb. horse will 

 produce 1.06 to 1.33 horse power and do about 10,500 to 13,200 foot- 

 tons of work daily. An ox can draw as heavy a load as a horse of the 

 same weight, but ordinarily at only two-thirds the speed. A man will 

 do about one-fifth as much work as the average horse, tho for a minute 

 or two he can exert a full horse power - or even more. 



The character of the road bed is a most important factor in determin- 

 ing how heavy a load a horse can draw. While only 25 to 67 lbs. of 

 draft are required to haul a load of a ton (including weight of wagon) 

 on a good pavement, the draft on a common earth road is 75 to 224 lbs. 



True value of feeds for work. — To be able to feed horses economic- 

 ally, it is necessary to understand the true value of different feeds 

 for the production of work. We have learned in Chapter III that only 

 the net energy of the feed can be used to produce such external work- 

 as propelling the body, carrying a burden, or pulling a load. 



The most extensive investigations on the work yielded by various 

 feeds are those of the German investigators, Wolff and Zuntz. Some 

 of their results are presented in the following table, which shows how 

 much work 1 lb. of different feeds may yield if fed to a horse already 

 receiving enough to maintain his body when idle. 



Possible work from 1 lb. of various feeds when fed to the horse 



Total Nutrients Net Possible 



Crude digestible required for nutrients work from 



Feeding stuff fiber nutrients mastication remaining 1 lb. of 



and digestion feed 



Per ct. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Ft. -tons 



Corn 1.7 0.785 0.082 0.703 007.7 



Linseed cake 9.4 0.690 0.125 0.565 . 488.4 



Oats 10.3 0.615 0.124 0.491 424.4 



Meadow hay 26.0 0.391 0.209 0.182 157.3 



Clover hay 30.2 0.407 0.239 0.168 145.2 



Carrots 1.6 0.113 0.021 0.092 79.5 



Wheat straw 42.0 0.181 0.297 -0.116 -100.3 



Fiber, the woody material of plants, is less digestible than the other 

 nutrients and, moreover, much energy is used up in masticating and 

 digesting feeds containing much of it. Therefore, the higher a feed 

 is in fiber, the less work it will yield per pound. While each pound of 

 corn yields 607.7 foot-tons of work, meadow or clover hay produces 



