4 BtTLLBTIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEXTM. 



are peculiar to the males alone, and which are lost with the first moult. 

 Marked examples of this are afforded by young females of Colaptes 

 auratus, Bryobates pulescens, and others, of which detailed descrip- 

 tions are given in the text."' 



KEY TO THE FAMILIES OP PICI. 



a. Inner front toe much longer, its claw reaching to or beyond base of claw of outer 

 front toe, united to outer toe by at least entire length of basal phalanx of the 

 latter; planta tarsi taxaspidean except in Picunminse (holaspidean); claws rela- 

 tively very large and strongly curved; tenth (outermost) primary one-fourth to 

 two-thirds as long as ninth, the latter always shorter than seventh; tail much less 

 than three-fourths as long as wing or else rectrices rigid and acuminate; rectrices 

 rigid and acuminate or else (Kcunminae); tenth primary more than one-third as 

 long as ninth, the latter much shorter than secondaries; culmen nearly as long to 

 much longer than tarsus; nostrils lateral (not nearer to culmen than to tomia), 

 not bordered beneath by membrane or else with a narrow membrane all round; 

 mesorhinium broad; gonys longer than mandibular rami (often twice, sometimes 



nearly four times as long; coloration not Caprimulgine Picidse (p. 4). 



aa. Inner front toe much shorter, its claw falling considerably short of base of claw of 

 outer toe, united to outer toe by much less than whole length of basal phalanx 

 of the latter; planta tarsi holaspidean; claws relatively small and slightly 

 curved; tenth (outer) primary minute, only one-sixth as long as ninth, the 

 latter as long as seventh; tail three-fourths as long as wing, the rectrices soft, 

 broadly rounded terminally; culmen much shorter than tarsus; nostrils close 

 to culmen, opening vertically, bordered below by a very broad membrane occu- 

 pying greater part of the relatively very large nasal forsse, the mesorhinium 

 extremely narrow; gonys shorter than mandibular rami; coloration Capri- 

 mulgine Jjmgidse (extraUmital).'' 



Family PICIDiE. 



THE WOODFECKERS. 



=Dendrocohptx Merrem, Tent. Syst. Av., 1813. 



=Picidae Cabanis, in Wiegmann's Aichiv ftir Naturg., 1847, pt. i, 347. — Stbj- 

 NEGER, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 412, 423. — Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 

 1900. 200. 



<^PicMsR Cartts, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 245 (excludes Picumnidse). 



=Pidnm verae Nitzsch, Syst. Pterylog., 1840, 136. 



=Pid genuini Stjndevall, Met. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., i, 1872, 72 (English trans- 

 lation, 1889, 143). 



=Picinae Gadow, in Bronn's Thier-Reich, VSg., ii, 1891, 269. 



=:Picini LiLLjEBORG, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 19. 



o = Yunginss Bonaparte, Prodr. Syst. Om., 1840, 17; Consp. Av., i, 1850, 112; 

 Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., is, 1858, 79; Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 49l.=Iyngicbe Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868, 245; Dubois, M^m. 

 Soc. Zool. Prance, iv, 1891, 115.=Iunginae Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., iv, th. ii, 

 1863, l.=Iynginx Sundevall, Met. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., ii, 1873, 74 (English transla- 

 tion, 1889, 146); Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xviii, 1890, 559; Gadow, Broim's 

 Thier-Reichs, V5g., ii, 1893, 269; Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 236.= Yungini Lilljeborg, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 19.>PiCT improprii Sundevall, Met. Nat. Av. Disp. 

 Tent., ii, 1873, 74 (includes Pieumnus .'). 



An exclusively Old World (western Palsearctic and Ethiopian) family, represented • 

 by a Bu^le genus {Jynx Linnaeus) of four species. 



