BIEDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMEEICA. 9 



ff. Not created, outermost primary subfalcate; plumage wholly black 



except red portion of head (no white) Picus (extraUmital)." 



66. Outer hind toe longer than outer front toe. 

 c. Two posterior toes; bill not excessively depressed. 

 d. Four middle, rectrices much narrower than the rest, with webs strongly 

 deflected, their shafts very large and broadly and deeply grooved on 

 under side. (Campephikie.) 

 e. Gonys nearly four times as long as mandibular rami, its base covered by 

 the long, closely appressed, antrorse feathers of chin; bUl broad and 

 much depressed, much broader than deep at anterior end of nostrils, 

 abruptly contracted (in vertical profile) termLnally; tenth (outermost) 

 primary less than half as long as ninth, very narrow (one-tenth as wide 

 as long); outer webs of secondaries mostly white; larger (wing 230-356 



mm.) CampepMlus (p. 164). 



ee. Gonys much less than four (often less than three) times long as mandi- 

 bular rami, its base not covered by feathers of chin, the latter not dis- 

 tinctly antrorse or else much shorter; bill much less broad and depressed, 

 its width at anterior end of nostrils little if any greater than its depth 

 at same point, or else (Onipardms, part) gradually tapering to the 

 tip (in vertical profile); tenth (outermost) primary more than half as 

 long as ninth, broader (one-eighth to one-sixth as wide as long); outer 

 webs of secondaries black; smaller (wing not more, usually much less, 

 than 220 mm.). 

 /. Gonys more than three times as long as mandibular rami; longer pri- 

 naa-ries narrow, straight, the tenth (outermost) but little more than 

 half as long as ninth, falcate; tail nearly three-fourths as long as 

 wing; crest pointed, recurved; inner web of iimer secondaries white. 



Ipocrantor (extraUmital).^ 

 ff. Gonys less (usually much less) than three times as long as mandibular 

 rami; longer primaries broad, more or less incurved terminally, the 

 tenth (outermost) much more than half as long as ninth, broad (more 

 than one-sixth as wide as long), not falcate; tail less than two-thirds 

 as long as wing; crest not pointed, or else not recurved (usually 

 "bushy"); inner webs of inner secondaries black. 

 ff. Wing longer and more pointed, the longer primaries exceeding sec- 

 ondaries by more than one-fifth the length of wing; tenth (outer- 

 most) primary relatively narrower, at least terminally; rump black; 

 inner webs of remiges with proximal portion immaculate white or 

 yellow, or else proximal portion of primaries (only) cinnamon- tawny. 



Scapanens (p. 170). 

 gg. Wing shorter and more rounded, the longer primaries exceeding sec- 

 ondaries by less than one-fifth the length of wing; tenth (outer- 

 most) primary relatively broader; rump red or buff (sometimes 

 banded with black); inner webs of remiges broadly banded with 

 white or buff. 



- Pious Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 112. (Type, as fixed by Gray, 1855, 

 Pieus martiiLS Linnseus.) — Dryocopus Boie, Isis, 1826, 997. (Type, Picus martivs 

 Linnseus.)— Carionanits Kaup, Naturl. Syst., 1829, 131. (Type, Picus martius 

 Linnseus.) — Dryopicos Malherbe, M^m. Acad. Metz, xxx, 1849, 320. (Type, Picus 

 martius Linnseus.) — Dryotomus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 301, 304. (Type, 

 by orig. designation, Pieus martius Linnseus.) Palaearctic Region. (Monotypic.) 



& Ipocrantor Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Heia., iv, heft ii, July, 1863, 99. (Type, 

 Pieus magellanicvs 'King. ("Von !^ (Holzwurm) und KpAuroijo (Herrscher);" Cabanis 

 and Heine.) Chile; monotypic. 



