10 BVLVEtlla 50, UliriTED STAGES iSAtlOlSAL MUSEUM. 



h. Tarsus slightly longer than outer hind toe without claw; bill shorter, 

 the exposed culmen decidedly shorter than outer hind toe with 

 claw; crest pointed; interscapulars immaculate bufi (like rump 

 and upper tail-coverts); inner web of remiges cinnamon, banded 

 with black; no white on neck; chest barred with black and bufi, 



like other under parts PMoeoceastes (extralimital)." 



hh. Tarsus decidedly longer than outer hind toe without claw; bill 

 longer, the exposed culmen decidedly longer than outer hind toe 

 with claw; crest rounded ("bushy"); interscapulars black 

 (sometimes with a white stripe along each side); inner web of 

 remiges black, with broad bands or spots of white; chest black 



or crimson Cniparohus (p. 180). 



dd. Middle rectricea normal (not narrow, webs not deflected, shafts not deeply 

 grooved beneath). (Dryobatese.) 

 e. Tail about three-fourths as long as wing, the rectrices very broad; outers 

 most (tenth) primary nearly half as long as niilth; upper parts mostly 



green Xiphidiopicus (p. 182). 



ee. Tail much less than three-fourths (usually less than two-thirds) as long ae 

 wing, the rectrices only moderately broad; outermost primary much 

 less than half as long as ninth. 

 /. Wing-tip shorter, the longest primaries exceediug distal secondaries by 

 decidedly less than one- third the length, of wing; tenth (outermost) 

 primary larger, more than one-fourth as long as ninth; tarsus shorter 

 than outer hind toe with claw. 

 g. Longest primaries exceeding distal secondaries by less than one-fourth 

 the length of wing. 

 %. Tenth (outermost) primary less than one-third as long as ninth; 

 inner hind toe relatively shorter, the digit and claw together not 

 more than half as long as outer hind toe without claw; back plain 

 olive, orange-russet, or red; outer webs of primaries without white 

 spots; under parts usually barred with whitish and oUve or dusky, 

 or, if plain whitish, the upper parts mostly red. 



Venilioinls (p. 185). 

 M. Tenth (outermost) primary more than one-third as long as ninth; 

 inner hind toe relatively larger, the digit and claw together more 

 than talf as long as outer hind toe without claw; back spotted, 

 barred, or striped with black and white; rectrices broadly barred 

 with white; outer webs of primaries (also secondaries and wing- 

 coverts) spotted or barred with white; under parts dull white, 

 usually streaked with black. 

 I. BiU stouter, with supranasal ridge and prenasal groove running to 

 tomial edge less than one-third the distance from tip; imder 

 parts immaculate (except under tail-coverts); back with white 

 markings longitudinal; no white supra-auricular streak; throat 

 yellow; adult male with a longitudinal mark or streak of red in 

 middle of occiput Trichopicus (extraUmital).* 



a PMoeoceastes Cabanis, Joum. fiir Om., 1862, 176. (Type, Picas robiistvsYieiUot.) 

 {"0/lai6c, Baumrinde u. /ad^w, zerspalten;" Cabanis and Heine.) 



6 Triihopicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, ii, 1854, 123. (Type, as fixed by Gray, 

 1855, Piais cactorum Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.) — Cadoeraugus Cabanis and Heine, 

 Mus. Hein., iv, heft 2, June, 1863, 72. (Type, Picus cactorum Lafresnaye and 

 D'Orbigny.) Southern Peru to Uruguay, Argentina, etc.; monotypic. 



This genus was merged with Melanerpes by Haigitt (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xviii, 

 1890, 139), but obviously is much more closely allied to the groups near which it is 

 here placed. 



