168 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



262 (256.4); tail, 151-166 (159.5); culmen, 61-67.5 (64.3); tarsus, 

 40.5-44 (42.6); outer anterior toe, 30-33.5 (31.7)." 



Formerly Lower Austral zone of eastern United States, north to 

 coast district of North Carolina and in the Mississippi Valley to 

 southern Indiana (Franklin County, up to 1826), southern Illinois 

 (White County, up to about 1857), Missouri (Kansas City; Fayette), 

 Oklahoma, Indian Territory (Caddo), western Kentucky (Fulton 

 County, 1884), Arkansas (Newport), etc., west to Texas (Brazos and 

 Trinity rivers; Tarkington; Harris County; Montgomery County), 

 south to the Gulf coast, and in Florida to the Big Cypress district 

 south of Caloosahatchie Kiver. Now extirpated over much the 

 greater portion of its former range and existing only in scattered or 

 isolated localities in the lower Mississippi Valley and GuH States, 

 chiefly ( ?) in Florida. 



[Picus] principalis Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 113 (based on The Largest 

 White-billed Woodpecker Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 16); ed. 12, i, 1766, 

 173.— Gmblin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 425.— Latham, Index Om., i, 1790, 225. 



Picus principalis Boddaebt, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 43.— Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 

 61.— ViEiLLOT, Ois. Am., Sept., ii, 1807, 56, pi. 109; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., 

 xxvi, 1818, 76.— Wilson, Am. Om., iv, 1811, 20, pi. 29, fig. 1.— Stephens, 

 Shaw's Gen. Zool., ix, 1815, 150, pi. 30. — ^Valenciennes, Diet. Sci. Nat.,xl, 

 1826, 177.— BoNAPAKTE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, pt. i, (Synop. Birds U. S.), 1826, 

 44.— Deapiez, Diet. Class., xiii, 1828, 495.— Lesson, Trait6 d'Om., 1, 1831, 

 229.— SwAiNSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 301; Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 306.— 

 Audubon, Om. Biog., i, 1831, 341, pi. 66; v, 1839, 535; Synopsis, 1839, 175; 

 Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 214, pi. 256.— Nuttall, Man. Om. U. S. and Can., 

 ♦ LandBirds,1832, 564; 2d ed., 1840, 668.— SuNDEVALL,Consp. Av.Picin., 1866,4. 



P[icus] principalis Bonnateeee and Vieillot, Enc. M^tli., iii, 1823, 1307. — 

 Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Sci. Phila., iii, pt. ii, 1824, 367; Obs. Wilson's Am. 

 Om., 1826, [28].— Wagleb, Syst. Av., 1827, Picus, sp. 1. 



[Dryocopiis] principalis Boib, Isis, 1828, 326. — ^Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 

 1850, 132. 



Dendrocopus principalis Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 39. 



C[ampepMhts] principalis Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 54; ed. 1841, 70; Gen. 

 Birds, ii, 1845, 436. — Rbichenbach, Handb. Scansores, Picinae, 1854, 390, 

 pi. 646, figs. 4315, 4316.— RiDGWAT, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 377 (s. e. Illi- 

 nois, about 1857); Bull. Illinois State Labr. N. H., no. 4, 1881, 185 (s. Illinois, 

 formerly); Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 281.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d 

 ed., 1884, 479. 



