196 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Range.— P&lss&Tctic and Nearctic Kegions; south in America to 

 Panama. (More than fifty species and subspecies.'') 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP DKTOBATES. 



a. Back with a broad longitudinal median stripe of white, or at least without regular 

 bars- black auricular patch confluent posteriorly with black of hmdneck. 

 6. Larger (wing more than 108, or else underparts smoky brown; exposed culmen 

 21 or more). (Dryolates villosvs.) 

 c Middle wing-coverts heavily spotted with white; greater coverts with a large 

 subbasal (concealed) spot of white; all the secondaries spotted (in trans- 

 verse series) with white. (Eastern and northern forms.) 

 d. Larger (averaging: wing more than 130, tail more than 83, exposed culmen 

 more than 31 mm.). (Northern North America east of Rocky Mts., 

 chiefly north of United States.) 



Dryobates villosus septentrionalis (p. 210). 



dd. Smaller (averagmg: wing less than 121, tail leas than 75, exposed culmen 



less than 30 mm.). 



e. Larger (averaging: Male, wing 120.4, tail 71.4, exposed culmen 29.2; 



female, wing 119.9, tail 74.2, exposed culmen 27.3); under parts more 



purely white, and white markings of upper parts averaging rather larger. 



(Middle districts of eastern North America, from more southern British 



Provinces to northern border of Lower Austral Zone.) 



Dryobates vlUosus villosus (p. 201). 



ee. Smaller (wing averaging less than 114). 



/. Wing longer (averaging 113.8 in male, 112.2 in female); loral region 



largely black; adult male with red nuchal patch narrower, usually 



interrupted medially by a black stripe from occiput to hindneck. 



(Lower Austral Zone of eastern United States.) 



Dryobates villosus audubonii (p. 206). 



/. Wing shorter (averaging less than 108 in male, less than 105 in female); 



loral region wholly or mostly white; adult male with red nuchal 



patch broader, not interrupted medially. 



g. Sides of breast heavily streaked with black; lateral rectrices without 



black spots on inner web. (Islands of New Providence and Andros, 



Bahamas.) Dryobates villosus maynardi (p. 208). 



gg. Sides of breast with few if any black streaks; lateral rectrices usually 

 with one or more black spots on inner web. (Islands of Abaco, 

 Little Abaco, and Great Bahama, Bahama.) 



Dryobates villosus piger (p. 209). 

 cc. Middle wing-coverts wholly black, or with much fewer or smaller white 

 spots; greater coverts without any sub-basal (concealed) white spot, often 

 wholly black; inner secondaries without white spots, those on distal sec- 

 ondaries and primaries reduced in size. (Western and Middle American 

 forms, except one.) 

 d. Underparts essentially white. 

 e. Underparts pure white. 

 /. White of back more restricted, more or less broken by black streaking 

 or spotting; lateral rectrices frequently with one or more black 

 spots on distal portion; flanks often spotted or broadly streaked with 

 blackish. (Slightly smaller than D. v. monticola.) (Newfoundland.) 



Dryobates villosus terraenovse (p. 211). 



<2 Most of the Old World species generally referred to this genus have not been 

 examined in the preparation of the above generic description, which is based on all 

 the American species and D. major, D. leucotus, D. raedius, and D. minor only of 

 the Old World forma. 



