BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 269 



PHRENOPICUS BOREALIS (Vieillot). 



BED COCEADED WOODPECKER. 



Adult male. — Pileum, hindneck, loral and rictal regions, and broad 

 malar stripe, extending posteriorly to sides of neck, where wider than 

 anteriorly, glossy blue-black; nasal tufts dull whitish; suborbital and 



i auricular regions white, forming a large patch or area which extends 



Iposteriorly onto sides of neck and anteriorly sends a narrow branch 

 to above middle of eye ; a streak of bright red (poppy red or scarlet- 



''vermilion), mostly concealed, along each edge of occiput, immediately 

 above the white auricular area; extreme upper back sooty black, 

 usually with concealed spots or streaks of whitish; rest of back, 

 together with scapulars, broadly barred with sooty black and white, 

 the two colors approximately equal in extent; upper rump also 



; barred with black and white, but less regularly or distinctly; lower 

 rump, upper taU-coverts, and four middle rectrices black; two outer 



[normal rectrices white (usually more or less stained), with basal 

 portion of inner web black, the white portion of inner web with three 

 broad bars or transverse spots of dull black, the distal of which reap- 

 pears on outer web; third normal rectrix with whole, or nearly all, 

 of inner web black, also the basal half, approximately, of outer web, 

 the line of demarkation longitudinally oblique; " wings sooty black, 

 the middle and posterior lesser coverts variously spotted with white, 

 the greater coverts with two transverse rows of white spots, the 

 secondaries crossed by four (exposed) narrow bands or broad bars 

 of white; outer webs of primaries (except two outermost) with sub- 

 quadrate spots of white; inner webs of remiges (except terminal 

 half, more or less, of longer primaries) with large spots of white; 

 underparts white, the sides of chest longitudinally spotted or broadly 

 streaked with deep black, the sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts 

 with smaller spots and streaks of dusky; bill, blackish; iris, brown; 

 legs and feet dusky greenish olive in dried skins. 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but without any red 

 streak on sides of occiput. 



Young male. — ^Essentially like adult female, but a large spot of 

 bright red or orange-red in center of croAvn, forehead narrowly streaked 

 with white, general "pattern" of coloration less sharply defined, 

 and underparts duller white, with markings dusky or dark sooty 

 brown or brownish black instead of deep black. 



Young feTnale. — Similar to young male, but without any red on 

 crown. 



"^Uaually there is a more or less distinct dusky spot near tip of outer web, and 

 often the terminal portion of outer web of the fourth normal rectrix has more or less 

 of white edging or spotiing. 



