BIRDS OP NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMEEICA. 275 



Adult male in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and 

 summer plumage, but the lighter-colored markings of back and 

 scapulars and color of nape Hght yellowish oKve or light buffy yel- 

 lowish brown instead of white, yellow of under parts deeper, and 

 sides light brownish instead of whitish; bill more brownish. 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but chin and throat 

 white instead of red, and frequently with red of pileum reduced in 

 extent, often altogether wanting, the whole forehead, crown, and 

 occiput sometimes uniform glossy black, sometimes with small 

 whitish streaks or sagittate spots. (Seasonal variations same as in 

 adult male.) 



Young {sexes aliTce). — Wings and tail as in autumnal adults, but 

 otherwise very different; pileum sooty brown or sepia, each feather 

 with a more or less distinct small terminal or subterminal spot of 

 paler; auricular region and malar stripe brownish (instead of black), 

 the former with narrow shaft-streaks of dull whitish; chin and upper 

 throat dull white or pale buffy brownish; lower throat, foreneck, 

 and chest pale brown, broken by crescentic bars or lunules of 

 dusky; otherwise as in autumnal adults but sides' and flanks more 

 brownish. (The red of the adult plumage ^ appears in scattered 

 feathers on forehead and crown before any black feathers are ac- 

 quired on chest or malar region, and also on the throat in the case 

 of young males.) 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 189-206 (198); wing, 120-130 

 (124.1); tail, 67-76 (72.5); culmen, 21.5-25.5 (23.4); tarsus, 19-22 

 (20.3); outer anterior toe, 14-16 (14.7)." 



Adult female.— Leagth. (skins), 182-206 (192); wing, 121-128 

 (124.3); tail, 68-75 (71.7); culmen, 22-24 (22.7); tarsus, 18.5-20 

 (19.4); outer anterior toe, 13.5-15.5 (14.4)." 



Eastern North America, breeding from northern portion of Caro- 

 linian hfe-zone in northern Missouri, northern Indiana, northern 

 Ohio, Massachusetts (mountains of Berkshire County), etc., north to 

 Mackenzie (Fort Providence; Fort Simpson; Fort Smith; Fort Kae; 

 Fort Resolution; Fort Liard; Nehawney Mountains, 100 miles north- 

 west of Fort Simpson; Big Island, Great Slave Lake), central Kee- 

 watin, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island, west to Alberta 

 (Fort McHenry, Athabasca River), and southward on Allegheny 

 Mountains to North CaroHna; wintering from Pennsylvania, Ohio 

 Valley, etc., southward (occasionally farther northward); migrating 

 southward over greater part of Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas 

 (Sierra Madre, near Victoria), San Luis PotosI (Soleddd), Nuevo 

 Le6n (Rodriguez; Monterey; Cerro de la Silla), Coahuila (Sierra de 

 Guadalupe), Guanajuato, Hidalgo (Re&l del Monte; El Chico), 



" Ten specimenB. 



