42 CLASSES OF FEEDING STUFFS 



way the vines may be cured into a nutritious hay and fed 

 to horses, cattle, and sheep. 



Vetch. — Hairy vetch is the principal vetch grown as a 

 feed for live stock. It makes good pasture for hogs, cattle, 

 and sheep, and can be made into a hay of excellent quality. 



Straw. — This term applies to the stalks of the cereals 

 after the grain has been removed. Straw is high in crude 

 fiber and low in protein, nitrogen free extract, fat, and 

 mineral matter. It is therefore low in digestibility. 



As a feeding stuff, straw is very useful to supply rough- 

 age to horses and cattle that are being maintained over 

 winter. It is often fed with advantage to fattening steers 

 along with a liberal supply of concentrates and other rough- 

 ages. It may also be cut into short lengths and intro- 

 duced into the grain ration of the horse. " Heavy " and 

 other greedy horses should receive some straw as part of 

 their rations to prevent overeating of dusty hay. Oat 

 straw is the best. Barley straw comes next in feeding 

 value. Wheat and rye straw have small value as feed. 



Concentrates. — Concentrates or concentrated feeding 

 stuffs, as they are sometimes called, are necessary in the 

 rations of all animals that are performing hard work, or 

 that are being fattened, or those which are rearing young. 



Concentrates may be classified under the following 

 groups : 



1. Seeds of various plants, 



2. Commercial by-product feeds. 



Under the head of seeds come the cereal grains, oil-bear- 

 ing seeds, and leguminous seeds low in oil. Under the head 

 of " by-products " come a great many feeds that are the 

 result of commercial operations in the manufacture of 

 certain commodities. 



