BROWN SWISS CATTLE 125 



erally they are grazed on the mountains in the summer and 

 taken back to the valleys in the winter and fed upon hay. 

 The rough topography of the country and the rigors of the 

 cUmate naturally called for a hardy breed. The cows are 

 also used for work animals, which tends to make them 

 strong and muscular, oftentimes coarse. 



Characteristics. — Brown Swiss cattle are quite large, 

 bulls weighing 1800 pounds and cows 1200 pounds when 

 mature and properly developed. The calves are large 

 when born, ranking next to the Holstein calves in weight. 

 At one time the Brown Swiss were classed as dual purpose 

 cattle, but now they are regarded as one of the special 

 dairy breeds. As yet they lack the extreme dairy type of 

 the Jerseys and Guernseys, and are not so uniform. In 

 color they are a Kght to dark chestnut brown, with a 

 light tuft of hair between the horns on the inside of the 

 ears, and a narrow line along the back. The nose is 

 black with a meal-colored band around it. The horns, 

 while occasionally coarse, are of medium size and length 

 with black tips. The tail is long with a heavy black 

 switch. The hoofs and tongue are black. The legs are 

 heavy and straight. The udder is large and should be well 

 set, carrying large well-placed teats. The ribs are well 

 sprung, and the heart girth large, indicating good consti- 

 tution. 



DUTCH BELTED CATTLE 



History. — This breed of dairy cattle which originated in 

 the Netherlands is easily recognized by the peculiar and 

 uniform coloring. The two colors are jet black aiid pure 

 white, the white encircling the animal as a belt from the 

 shoulders to the hips, hence the name. 



