DAIRY EQUIPMENT 245 



The cow in one year's time produced over six times as much 

 dry matter as was found in the carcass of the steer, over 

 twice as much fat, and abnost five times as much ash. She 

 also produced over three fourths of a ton of nutritious milk 

 sugar. In addition she produced a calf, and was as valuable 

 at the end of the year as at the beginning. To get the food 

 material from the steer he had to be fed more than two 

 years before being slaughtered. 



Dairying is the most intensive form of animal husbandry 

 that can be practiced on high-priced land. The price of 

 manufactured dairy products is always higher than meat 

 products. There is less waste in handling them, they stand 

 transportation over long distances, and are easily kept over 

 long periods of time. 



Equipment. — Successful dairying depends in a large de- 

 gree upon the care and management of the cows in the herd. 

 The farm of the practical dair3Tnan should be well equipped 

 with good dairy buildings. Roomy, well-lighted, well-ven- 

 tilated bams that are warm in the winter and cool in the 

 summer are a necessity. Windows should be provided with 

 shades or otherwise equipped so that they may be dark- 

 ened in the summer during fly time. 



Barns should be whitewashed on the inside at least twice 

 annually, and if possible the ceiling of the stable should be 

 covered so that no beams are exposed where dirt and disease 

 germs can find lodgment. The stables should be kept 

 clean, and if it is not possible to drive through the barn to 

 clean it, a litter carrier should be provided. Whether the 

 cows should stand facing each other or not is a matter of 

 opinion. The feeding operation is simplified when they face 

 each other, and if more time and labor are devoted to feeding 

 than to cleaning the barn it is more economical. If a litter 



