THE KUHNIAN PERIOD 55 



time and independently of de Bary. He is the author of 

 several books and papers on the diseases of cultivated 

 plants (Lind, 1913 : 18, 605, 606). 



England made her first real contribution to the ranks 

 of plant pathologists during the Kuhnian period in the 

 person of M. J. Berkeley. Receiving his inspiration and 

 enthusiasm for the study of plants and their maladies 

 largely from gardeners and horticulturists, his contribu- 

 tions to the science are largely addressed to the practical 

 growers rather than to the scientists of his time. To 

 the latter he was well known, however, as the leading 

 EngUsh authority on fungi, and is generally held to 

 be the founder of British mycology (Thiselton Dyer, 

 1897). 



Miles Joseph Berkeley, born 1803, was one of the fa- 

 mous family of Berkeley. He was educated at Christ's 

 College, Cambridge, from which he graduated in 1825. 

 In spite of his inclination for the natural sciences, he 

 entered the then slightly more lucrative profession of the > 

 ministry, in which he continued until his death in 1889. 

 He devoted all of his leisure to biologic studies and re- 

 search, especially on fungi and plant diseases. Aside 

 from numerous short papers on different plant diseases, 

 his chief contribution to the science is that on vegetable 

 pathology,! which appeared in the Gardener's Chronicle 

 throughout the years 1854 to 1857 inclusive. This ex- 

 tensive paper sets forth in much detail the ideas and the- 

 ories with respect to diseases in plants held by EngUsh 

 gardeners and scientists of that period. The chapter 



1 Berkeley, M. J.: Vegetable Pathology, Card. Chron., 1854-1857, 

 continued weekly throughout these years. See especially 1854 : 4, 20: 

 36, 52, 68, 708, 740; 1857 : 644, 660, and the index, 676, 677. 



