114 ARTIFICIAL FLIES. 
The Drakes.—Head acccording with that of the fly ; shoul- 
ders short, and thickish ; body, above half length, rather 
smaller to the end; wings on the mid shoulder, to stand 
up like those of a butterfly, slantwise over the body ; 
leg at the breast ; hackle over the mid and third shoulder, 
the fibres of the feather to start upwards from the stem, 
and have a natural tension in the direction of the wings of 
the flies. If the color of the feather suit for both wings 
and legs, pinch the upper fibres together for wings, and trim 
and shorten the under ones for legs, which is the shortest 
way of dressing a fly, and often done by the craft. The 
glittering wings of all the drake tribes, after casting their 
skins, are best represented by the glittering cock hackle 
feathers. 
The Duns.—Small heads, and small jumped-up shoulders ; 
body rather fuller, and better than half length ; wing near 
the head, and leg at the breast. Hackle on the shoulders 
near the head ; the fibres to close flat at the stem by the 
action of the water; for if they appear thick at the shoul- 
ders when the fibres of the feather are closed, the shape of 
both these flies and the browns is lost. 
The Spinners.—Small heads, large round shoulders, bodies 
cylindrical, near two-thirds the length. Wing or hackle 
on the shoulder, leg at the breast. 
The House Flies.—Head, shoulders, and body in their 
proportions thickish ; body somewhat oval, and about half 
the length. Wing on each side of top of shoulder, to lie 
horizontal and point more or less from the body ; leg at the 
breast ; hackle over the fore-part of shoulder. The pro- 
portions of this class rather vary. 
The Beetles.—Head small; shoulders and body growing 
broader, into an oval form ; body about three-fifths of the 
length ; wing where the shoulders and body join, to close 
over the back ; leg at the breast; hackle for under-wings 
close behind the top ones, 
