APRIL: FIFTH WEEK 109 



As the same fruit or vegetable is often attacked by a 

 number of different things several sprayings may be neces- 

 sary. Often a combined spray may be used. But do not 

 wait until you need to spray before getting your things. 

 Have them on hand early and ready to use as soon as con- 

 ditions are right. 



The insects that attack fruit and ornamental trees differ 

 not only in size and shape but also in their manner of ex- 

 tracting a living. Some of them chew; others suck the 

 juices from below the outer surface of leaf or bark. Poisons 

 will end the chewers, but the suckers must be killed by 

 suffocation or external injury. Remedies that may be used 

 successfully in the winter are sometimes too strong for use 

 in summer, when the trees are in leaf or in fruit. So a 

 number of different things must be employed to get the 

 better of all the insect enemies and the various forms of 

 disease with which every gardener, no matter now large or 

 how small his place, has to contend. During the season 

 you are pretty sure to need practically all of the following, 

 and it will save time to have them on hand. 



The Sprays You Need 



Bordeaux Mixture. This is the standard preventive 

 against blights and fungous diseases. It may be bought in 

 commercial forms, or a stock solution may be made at home 

 without much trouble. It is frequently used in combina- 

 tion with arsenate of lead and sometimes with Paris green, 

 thus being effective against both diseases and chewing 

 insects. Make a stock solution at least half a day before it 

 is to be used. The method follows : 



Dissolve copper-sulphate crystals in water at the rate of 

 one pound to one gallon. In another receptacle slake Hme 

 to the same amount, adding the water a httle at a time 

 until the solution is of the consistency of thick milk. To 

 make ten gallons of spray dilute one gallon of the stock 

 copper-sulphate solution, straining it carefully; then dilute 

 one gallon of the stock lime solution, also straining it care- 



