BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS 129 
effect to be produced, the purse of the purchaser, the care to be given in 
the future, etc. All these are factors in the choice of materials. 
Soil conditions come first usually. It is of no use to make over the 
soil; choose rather the plants that fit the local conditions. Thus on 
sandy soils all evergreens must be Pines and Junipers; on wet soils they 
may be Arborvite. Pines and Rhododendrons will not grow on a stiff 
clay soil; try Gray Birch. Hybrid Tea Roses insist on a bed of spe- 
cially prepared soil; you had better plant the Rugosa Hybrids, if 
you want garden roses in summer to bloom when neglected. Dorothy 
Perkins and other Wichuraiana Hybrid Roses will grow in soil that 
Crimson Rambler cannot endure, for the root system of these two types 
is quite different. 
The future care should greatly modify the planting—will there be an 
intelligent gardener in charge or will Nature have to care for it? The 
best-thought-out planting can “‘run to seed” and be “‘seedy”’ if left to 
itself. Use no soft Dogwoods or the Rose family (except Spirza) unless 
some one will spray for scale. Deutzia must have the dead twigs cut 
out every year, etc. Yet there are plenty of plants that will “thrive 
under neglect.” : 
The purse of the owner influences the planting. Shall it be very inex- 
pensive, of collected stock, or very elaborate, with specimen plants 
from nurseries? If the purse is limited and the soil not favorable, omit 
most of the evergreens. 
The effect to be produced is a result of the genius of the designer and 
the natural beauty of the site. This is esthetic, but also practical. 
Colored foliage is too garden-like for natural planting; for tall clipped 
trees, Lindens are better than Sugar Maples; Sweet Williams are too 
common for formal gardens, etc. Some of the effects may be styled 
as formal, park-like, woodland, flower border, street, public grounds, 
seasonal, private, etc. No two pieces of work are ever alike, especially 
in this consideration of the effect to be secured. 
TYPES OF ARRANGEMENT 
Having then considered our materials, and the practical and esthetic 
limits placed upon their use, we make a list of the plants that would fit 
these conditions. We are now ready to think of arrangement in detail. 
For every planting should have a reason for its being, and not “‘growed”’ 
like Topsy. Every plant should speak for itself, and not require our 
arguments in defence of its location. 
Are we planning for immediate or future effect? In most cases we 
strive to take care of both, and the problem is made more complex. 
Every planting is different in its final arrangements, and the details 
