APPENDIX 639 



order, Psilotales, and perhaps should even be removed entirely from 

 the Lycopodineae, and associated with the fossil order Sphenophyllales. 

 (See Lawson (i, 2).) 



P. 486. Bruchmann succeeded in germinating the spores of three 

 European species, L. clavatum, L. annotinum, and L. Selago. A 

 remarkable feature is the long period necessary for germination. In 

 L. Selago, the first signs of germination were seen in three to five years 

 after the spores were sown, while in the other species, six to seven 

 years passed before the spores began to germinate. FuU-grown 

 gametophytes were first found in L. Selago, in six to eight years, in the 

 other species, twelve to fifteen years. 



In all the species examined, the first division-waU cuts off a small 

 cell, which is apparently a rudimentary rhizoid. This is soon followed 

 by other walls, resulting in a globular or oval body composed of five 

 cells. There is then a long period of rest. This preliminary stage, or 

 "primary tubercle, " is reached at the expense of the food materials in 

 the spore, since the spores are without chlorophyll and the development 

 takes place underground. 



As in the case of Ophioglossum, the further development is dependent 

 upon the symbiotic association of the young gametophyte with a 

 fungus. This takes place in the manner already described in Ophio- 

 glossum. (See note to p. 234.) 



P. 489. For dioecious, read monoecious. 



P. 492. Wernham (i), however, thinks that Phylloglossum "far 

 from being a primitive form is highly specialised." 



P. 495. HoUaway (i) has recently made an anatomical study of 

 several New Zealand species of Lycopodium. 



P. 499. In a considerable number of species of Lycopodium 

 numerous roots are formed, which instead of emerging at once, grow 

 downward for a long distance through the cortical tissues of the stem, 

 emerging finally near the base. These were described by Strasburger 

 in L. Selago, and he enumerates about twenty species in which such 

 roots occur. They are especially conspicuous in L. pithyoides, an 

 epiphytic species. 



P. 500. For Bower (15), read (14). 



P. 502. The sporangium does not always, apparently, arise 

 directly from the leaf-base, but may be of axial origin. (Stokey 

 (2), Sykes (2).) 



P. 503. The most recent work in Phylloglossum (Wernham (i) ) 

 gives a detailed account of the structure. Wernham considers 

 Phylloglossum to be a much reduced form, and not a primitive 



