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taken from Japan to Spain, and thence 
imported into England. In Tudor days 
there were small Spaniels in this country, 
and the English Toy Spaniels of to-day, 
especially the Blenheim variety, are also 
said by some to be descended from sporting 
Spaniels which belonged to Queen Mary 
about the year 1555, and might have been 
brought over from Germany. Mary kept 
a pack of Spaniels for hunting purposes. 
The writer of an article on Japan in The 
Westminster Review for April, 1860, ob- 
serves: “There is a species of Japanese 
Spaniel which is probably identical with 
the King Charles breed. Our information 
on this point is certainly rather scanty. 
We find firstly in the narrative of the 
United States expedition the note :— 
“The fact that dogs are always part 
of a Royal Japanese present suggested 
to the Commodore the thought that possibly 
one species of Spaniel now in England may 
be traced to a Japanese origin. 
“In 1613, when Captain Saris returned 
from Japan, he carried to the king a letter 
from the Emperor with presents in return 
for those which had been sent him by his 
Majesty of England. Dogs probably formed 
part of the gifts, and thus may have been 
introduced into the kingdom the Japanese 
breed. At any rate, there is a species of 
Spaniel in England which it is hard to dis- 
tinguish from the Japanese dog. Secondly, 
Mr. Oliphant says the dog peculiar to Japan 
which is supposed to be the origin of King 
Charles Spaniel does indeed bear a con- 
siderable resemblance to that breed; the 
ears are not so long and silky, and the nose 
is more of a pug, but the size, shape, and 
colour of the body are almost identical. 
“The appearance of the Toy Spaniel in 
England in 1613 tallies with the return of 
Captain Saris, and the scarcity of the breed 
now is satisfactorily accounted for by their 
foreign origin and imperfect acclimatisation 
in this country.” 
It has also been said that Catharine of 
Braganza, the wife of Charles II., might, 
as a Portuguese princess, have brought 
Toy Spaniels over with her. Tangier was 
part of her dowry, and both the Dutch and 
THE NEW BOOK 
Ole whiatia, LBIGGy 
Portuguese had a great deal of intercourse 
with the Japanese. 
There is another theory advanced, and 
with some reason, that the English Toy 
Spaniel of the present day derived its 
origin from the Cocker Spaniel, as these 
larger dogs have the same colours and 
markings, black and tan, tricolour, and red 
and white. The Cocker also occasionally 
has the spot on the forehead which is a 
characteristic of the Blenheim. 
Be the origin of the King Charles Spaniel, 
and its advent in this country, what it 
may, King Charles II. so much indulged 
and loved these little friends that they 
followed him hither and thither as they 
pleased, and seem to have been seldom sepa- 
rated from him. By him they were loved 
and cherished, and brought into great 
popularity ; in his company they adorn 
canvas and ancient tapestries, and are 
reputed to have been allowed free access 
at all times to Whitehall, Hampton Court, 
and other royal palaces. 
There is no lack of evidence to show that 
Charles II. was devoted to his dogs. In 
Pepys’ Diary is recorded, on May 25th, 
1660: ‘I went, and Mr. Mansell, and one 
of the King’s footmen, and a dog that the 
King loved, in a boat by ourselves, and so 
got on shore when the King did.” 
His Majesty had also on occasion the 
misfortune to lose his dogs, for the following 
two advertisements appeared in Mercurius 
Publicus directly after the Restoration. 
The first was no doubt drawn up by the 
John Ellis who is mentioned in it. The 
second may have been written by the King 
himself. 
“A smooth Black Dog, less than a Grey- 
hound with white under his breast, belonging 
to the King’s Majesty, was taken from White- 
hall, the eighteenth day of this instant June 
or thereabout. If any one can give notice to 
John Ellis, one of his Majesties Servants, or to 
his Majesties Back-Stayrs shall be well re- 
warded for their labour.—June 21-209, 1660.” 
“We must call upon you again for a Black 
Dog, between a Greyhound and a Spaniel, 
no white about him, only a streak on his breast, 
and his Tayl a little bobbed. It is His Majes- 
