318 



FISHERIET OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. 



Trunkfish (Ostraciidx). — Different species are known as "cuck- 

 old," "cowfish," "horned trunkfish," "spotted trunkfish," etc. 

 They are a tropical fish found in small numbers on the Florida coast. 



Tunny. — See Horse-mackerel. 



Turbot. — See Flounder. The true turbot (Bothinss) is not found 

 on the American coast. 



Turtles. — See Green turtle, Hawks-bill turtle, Loggerhead, and 

 Terrapin. 



Unicorn. — See Narwhal. 



Wall-eyed pike. — See Pike perch. 



Walrus (Odontobsenus rosmarus and 0. obesus). — A marine mam- 

 mal, found in the north Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It attains a 

 length of 16 feet and a weight of 2,000 pounds; averages about one- 

 fourth less. They are captured by means of the rifle, harpoon, and 

 lance, and are valuable for their oil, tusks, hide, and flesh. 



Warmouth (Chsenobryttus gulosus). — A small food fish, found 

 abundantly in sluggish waters from Virginia to Texas, sometimes as 

 far north as Lake Michigan. It is also called "perch, " "sunfish, " 

 "goggle-eye," "red-eye," etc. The average weight is about 1 

 pound. 



White bass (Roccus chrysops). — A food fish, found abundantly 

 in the Great Lakes region and in the Ohio and upper Mississippi, 

 chiefly in deep and still waters. It is also called "striped bass. " 

 Its usual weight is from 1 to 3 pounds. It is caught on hooks, and 

 ranks high as a food fish. 



Whitefish (Coregonus). — They form one of the most important, 

 groups of fresh-water fishes of America. The common whitefish (Ce 

 clupeaformis) is the most valued of the tribe, although the others ar 

 highly esteemed as a food . It is found in the Great Lakes region and 

 is known as "humpback, " "bowback, " and "highback " whitefish; 

 also as ' ' Otsego bass " in the neighborhood of Otsego Lake, N . Y. It 

 is caught chiefly in gill nets, and averages less than 4 pounds in 

 weight. Other economic species are the Rocky Mountain whitefish 

 (C. williamsoni); the Menominee whitefish (C quadrilateralis) also 

 locally known as "round whitefish," "frostfish," "shadwater, " 

 "pilot fish," "chivey," "blackback, " etc. The whitefishes be- 

 long to the salmon family. The name is also applied to the bluefish 

 (Pomatomus saltatrix) on the Hudson; to the menhaden (Brevoortia 

 tyrannus) in western Connecticut; to the tilefish (Caulolatilus 

 princeps) in California; and to the beluga {Delphinapterus leucas) 

 by whalers. 



White perch (Morone americana). — This bass is an important food 

 fish, found very abundantly along the Atlantic coast from South Caro- 

 lina to Nova Scotia; it also occurs in brackish waters in the mouths 

 of rivers, and is sometimes landlocked in fresh-water ponds. It is 

 the common "perch" of the fisheries of the Middle Atlantic states. 

 The average length is 8 to 9 inches. It is caught with seines, nets, 

 hook and line, etc., and is used very extensively for food. The 

 name is also applied to the fresh-water drum (Aplodinotus grun- 

 niens) in the Ohio Eiver, and to the porgee (Damalichthys argyroso- 

 mus) on the California coast. 



Whiting (Menticirrhus saxatilis). — This fish is otherwise known as 

 the "kingfish" and "sea-mink"; it is abundant from Cape Ann to 

 Pensacola. The sand-whiting (M. americanus), also known as 

 ' ' deep-water whiting, " is abundant from Chesapeake Bay to Texas. 

 The surf-whiting ( M. littoralis), also called the ''silver- whiting, " is 

 common from the Carolinas to Texas. The California whiting (M, 

 undulatus) is also known as the "sand-sucker." On the coast of 

 Florida they are variously known as "kingfish," "barb," "bull- 

 head whiting, " and "ground mullet. " They attain a length of 10 

 inches and a weight of 1J pounds. They are caught with hook and 

 line and in seines, and are a food fish of considerable importance. 

 The name is also applied to the harvest-fish (Peprilus paru) at Nor- 

 folk, Va., and to the silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) on the New 

 England coast. 



Wolf-fish (Anarhichas lupus). — A large fish found off the New 

 England coast north of Nantucket Shoals. It is also called "cat- 

 fish. " The average length is about 4 feet; average weight about 25 

 pounds. It is caught on hooks and in seines, and is sold fresh, salted, 

 and dried and smoked. 



Yellowtail (Bairdiella chrysura). — An excellent food fish found 

 on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Texas; it is especially 

 abundant South. It is called "silver perch" on the coast of 

 New Jersey, and "mademoiselle" at Pensacola. It averages 8 

 inches in length. The name is also applied to the menhaden 

 (Brevoortia tyrannus) from North Carolina to Florida; to the 

 runner (Elagatis bipinnulatus) at Pensacola; to the sailor's 

 choice (Lagodon rhomboides) in the Indian River region; to the 

 amber-fish (Seriola dorsalis) on the California coast south of 

 Santa Barbara; and to the green rockfish (Sebastichthys flavidus) 

 at Monterey. 



