GYMNOSPERMS. 1447 
primordia of the blepharoplasts (Fig. 58, B). This is true for Zam/a, 
according to Webber, and for Giz&go, according to Hirase. At this 
stage each primordium of the blepharoplast is transformed into a group 
of fine rods about which the radiations, although not so pronounced, 
are still present (Fig. 58, C). When, however, the daughter chromo- 
somes have arrived at the poles of the spindle, each blepharoplast has 
become a mass, or an accumulation, of granules, and the radiations 
can scarcely be recognized. 
At the close of nuclear division each daughter-nucleus is homo- 
geneous, presenting a small number of nucleoli. A cell-plate is formed 
and the division of the generative cell completed (Fig. 58, D). The 
next step is characterized by the behavior of the mass of granules of 
the young blepharoplast. These are arranged close to the nucleus 
into a more or less short and broad band whose granular nature is still 
evident. Seen in profile a number of radiations appear extending out 
from the band toward the periphery of the cell (Fig. 59, A). These 
radiations are the developing cilia of the spermatozoid. Whether the 
cilia are transformed radiations, or arise anew, is a question. Ikeno 
(’98, p. 180) is inclined to think that the former mode of origin is the 
more probable. 
In the meanwhile the nucleus develops a beak which becomes con- 
nected with the ciliated band (Fig. 59, A). The development of the 
nuclear beak and the arrangement of the granules into a band take 
place simultaneously, so that it is not known which phenomenon is of 
first importance. If the formation of the beak took the initiative, then 
it would be reasonable to suppose that the direct codperation of the 
nucleus in the development of the band is indispensable. In Zama, 
according to Webber, no such nuclear beak occurs in the development 
of the spermatozoid. Subsequent to this stage in the development of 
the band its granular nature is no longer recognizable; it appears as a 
thin homogeneous thread (Fig. 59, B). The further behavior of the 
blepharoplast seems to be characteristic of spermatogenesis in Cycas, 
Zamia, and Ginkgo. The ciliated band extends itself in a spiral 
which ultimately makes five turns around the hemispherical cell, 
always remaining near its surface just beneath the plasma membrane. 
During this process the nucleus increases in size and becomes some- 
what pear-shaped. Its beak, to which is attached apparently one end 
of the band, increases in length until it almost reaches the surface of 
the cell (Fig. 58, E, and Fig. 59, B). The free end of the band con- 
tinues its spiral course around the cell a short distance beneath the 
plasma membrane. The direction of the spiral is parallel with the 
