CATALOGUE 



OF 



UNGULATES. 



OBDEK IJNGULATA. 



The ungulate or hoofed mammals, which include the' larsjesfc 

 of all land quadrupeds, are herbivorous or omnivorous, and 

 have their limbs adapted solely for progression, so that there 

 is no power of pronatiug and supinating the fore-foot, with 

 the consequent complete absence of prehensile action. 

 Except in the hyraxes and the camel tribe, the toes are 

 encased in hoofs or protected in front by large hoof-like nails, 

 the toes themselves being usually free, although occasionally 

 connected by membrane. In number the toes range from 

 five to one. Clavicles, or collar-bones, are invariably wanting 

 in the existing members of the order (which alone are 

 considered in the present work). The cheek-teeth, which 

 are preceded by a deciduous series of the same type, have 

 relatively broad and flattened crowns, surmounted by 

 tubercles or ridges, and frequently deeply interpenetrated 

 by foldings. 



In the less specialised members of the order the cheek- 

 teeth have low crowns with shallow infoldings (brachyodont), 

 whereas in the more specialised types their crowns are more 

 or less elevated, with a concomitant increase in the depth 

 and complexity of the infoldings, which are often more or 

 less completely filled with cement (hypsodont). 



The order has a cosmopolitan distribution, exclusive of 

 Australia and Ne^^' Zealand. 



B 



