THE FAMILIES A&t) GEOTJtA OP BATS. 75 



Inner upper incisor very minute, not penetrating the gum; outer 

 very small, but piercing the gum. Lower incisors about equal to 

 outer upper incisor, placed close to canine, the mandible projecting 

 considerably in front of it. Canines strong and well developed, not 

 peculiar in form, the upper with deep longitudinal groove on front 

 surface. Cheek teeth essentially as in Melonycteris. Skull much as 

 in Melonycteris, but occiput not as strongly deflected (alveolar line 

 projected backward passes a little below middle of brain case) . Bullae 

 only a little wider than in Pteropus. Externally much like a rather 

 small Cynopterus, but with middle of back bare owing to attachment 

 of membranes along median dorsal line (a triangular furred area 

 on rump), no claw on index finger, and tail so long that it reaches 

 to the extended heel, therefore much longer than in any other 

 known Pteropine bat. Caudal vertebra 10. 



Species examined. — Notopteris macdonaldii Gray. 



Subfamily NYCTYMENINJE. 



1821. Ceplialotidce Gray, London Medical Repository, XVI, p. 299, April 1, 

 1821 (part, probably included both Nyctymene and Doosonia). 



1878. Pteropodidw Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 3 (part; Pteropi, 

 part). 



1899. Pteropodidw Matschie, Flederm. des Berliner Mus. fur Naturk., p. 1 

 (part). 



Geographic distribution. — From Celebes and Halmahera to the 

 Bismarck Archipelago and northern Australia. 



Characters. — Premaxillaries broadly and solidly fused anteriorly 

 (length of median suture almost equal to distance between ca- 

 nines), all their boundaries completely lost in adults; bony palate 

 not narrowing behind tooth rows, the width of interpterygoid fossa 

 (including hamulars) slightly greater than distance between pos- 

 terior molars; canines parallel when jaws are closed, the lower 

 canines in contact with each other; no lower incisors; cheek teeth 

 not unusually cuspidate. 



Principal subdivisions. — The subfamily Nyctymeninse contains the 

 single genus Nyctymene. 



Genus NYCTYMENE Bechstein. 



1800. Nyctymene Bechstein, Syst. Nebers. Vierf. Thiere, II, 615. 



1810. Gephalotes Geoffboy, Ann. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Paris, XV, p. 104. 



1811. Harpyia Illigek, Prodr. Syst.Mamm. et Avium, p. 118 (not of Ochsen- 

 heimer, 1810). 



1837. Gelasinus Temminck, Monogr. de Mamna., II, p. 100. 



1862. XJronycteris Geay, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 262 (Cynopterus aVbi- 



venter Gva.y=VespertiJio cephalotes Pallas fide Dobson). 

 1878. Harpyia Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 88. 

 1895. Vronycteris Thomas, Novitates Zoologies, II, p. 163, June, 1895. 



