THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. 83 



1855. [Vespertilionidw] " Vespertilionides " (part); Emballonurina, part) 

 Gervais, Exped. du Comte de Castelnau, Zool., Mamm., p. 62. 



1865. Brachyura Peters, Monatsber. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch., Berlin, p.' 

 257 (part). 



1866. Vespertilionidw (part; Emballonurina and Diclidurina) Gray, Ann. 

 and Mag. Nat. Hist, 3d ser., XVII, p. 92. February, 1866. 



1867. Noctilionidce (part; Taphozoinw) Jerdon, Mammals of India, p. 30. 

 1870. Vespertilionies (part; Noctiliones, part) Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. k. 



Akad. Wissench., Wien. Matb. Naturwiss. CI., LXI, Pt. 1, p. 458. 



1872. Noctilionidm (part; Emballonurinw) Gill, Arrangement of the Fami- 

 lies of Mammals, p. 17. 



1875. Emballonwridw (part ; Emballonurw and TapJiozoi) Doeson, Ann. and 

 Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., XVI, p. 349. November, 1875. 



1878. Emballonuridw (part; Emballonurw and Dioliduri) Dobson, Catal. 

 Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 353. 



1886. Emballonuridw (part; Emballonurw and Dioliduri) Gill, Standard 

 Natural History, V, p. 169. 



1891. Emballonuridw (part; Emballonurinw, part, Emballonurina) Flower 

 and Lydekker, Mammals living and extinct, p. 666. 



1892. Emballonuridw (part ; Emballonurini) Winge, Jordfundne og nule- 

 vende Flagermus (Chiroptera) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, Bra- 

 silien, p. 24. 



Geographic distribution. — Tropical portions of both hemispheres; 

 in the Pacific Ocean east to Samoa, but not known in Australia or 

 New Zealand. 



Characters. — Humerus with trochiter well developed, though not as 

 large as trochin, not articulating with scapula, neither tubercle rising 

 above head; epitrochlea not specially developed, but with distinct 

 spinous process (especially in Taphosous and Diclidurus), capitellum 

 nearly in line with shaft; second manal digit with fully developed 

 metacarpal, but no phalanges; third finger with two phalanges, of 

 which the proximal is flexed on dorsal surface of metacarpal when 

 at rest; shoulder girdle normal, the seventh cervical vertebra free; 

 foot normal; fibula complete, thread-like; tibia flattened or grooved 

 posteriorly ; pelvis normal, except that boundaries of sacral vertebrae 

 are- nearly or quite obliterated; skull with well-developed postorbital 

 processes (in Diclidurus these are obscured by the very wide supra- 

 orbital ridges) ; premaxillaries represented by nasal branches only, 

 never fused with each other or with maxillaries; palate ending in 

 plane of last molars or produced somewhat behind it, in the latter 

 case very abruptly narrowed back of toothrows; audital bullae 

 emarginate on inner side; teeth normal; tragus present, simple; 

 muzzle without special cutaneous outgrowths. 



Remarks. — The members of the family Emballonuridse are recog- 

 nizable by their normal teeth,' free premaxillaries, well-developed 

 postorbital processes, the reduced condition of the index finger, and 

 the primitive structure of the shoulder joint. Externally they may 

 be distinguished by the combination of slender leg with reflexed 



