THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. 109 



Family HIPPOSIDERIME. 



1821. Vcspcrtilionidir (part; Race 1, part) Gbay, London Medical Reposi- 

 tory, XV, p. 2!)!), April 1, 1821. 



1827. Rhinolophlna Lesson, Man. de Mammalogie, p. 81 (part). 



1831. Vcspertil tones (VvupcrtUlonUhr) (part; Rhinolophiiia, part) Bona- 

 parte, Saggio di una distrib. metodicn degli Aniin. Yi-rt.",' p. 10. 



1838. VespertUimidtr (part; Rhinolophiiia, part) Bonapahte, Nuovi Annall 

 delle Scienze Naturali, Bologna, Anno I, Toiuo II, p. 112. 



1838. Vespertilionida; (part; Phyllostomina, part) Gkay, Mag. Zool. and 

 Bot, II, p. 486. December, 1838. 



1854. [Rhinolophidw] " Rhinolophidgs " Gebvais, Histoire Naturelle des 

 Mammiferes, p. 200 (part). 



1865. Rhinolophi Petees, Monatsber. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch., Berlin, p. 

 256 (part). 



1866. Rhinolophidw (part; Rhinolophina, part, and Rhimnncterina) Gbay, 

 Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p. 81. 



1872. Rhinolophidw Gill, Arrangement of the Families of Mammals, p. 17 



(part). 

 1875. Rhinolophidw (part; Phyllorhininw) Dobson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. 



Hist., 4th ser., XVI, p. 348, November, 1875. 

 1878. Rhinolophidw (part; Phyllorhininw) Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. 



Mus., p. 123. 

 1886. Rhinolophiw (part; Phyllorhininw) Gill, Standard Natural History, 



V, p. 164. 



1891. Rhinolophidw (part ; Hipposiderinw) Floweb and Lydekkeb, Mam- 

 mals, living and extinct, p. 657. 



1892. Rhinolophidw (part; Rhinolophini, part, Phyllorhinw) Winge, Jord- 

 fundne og nulevende Flagermus (Chiroptera) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas 

 Geraes, Brasilien, p. 24. 



Geographic distribution. — Tropical parts of the Old World, east to 

 the Philippine Islands, New Ireland, and Australia; in Amoy and 

 the Himalayas the range extends somewhat beyond the tropical 

 region, as well as in Morocco, Africa. 



Characters. — Like the Rhinolophidae, but pectoral and pelvic gir- 

 dles, more highly modified, toes with two phalanges each, and lumbar 

 vertebrae showing a marked tendency to become fiised into a solid 

 rod. In the pectoral girdle the fusion of the first and second ribs 

 involves the entire bone to and- including the corresponding dorsal 

 vertebrae. There is thus produced a solid ring of bone consisting 

 of the seventh cervical vertebra, first and second dorsals, first and 

 second ribs, and entire presternum, the elements of the ring indicated 

 by a slit-like vacuity above, between the ribs and one or two small 

 roundish vacuities below. Pelvic girdle like that of the Rhinolophidae 

 posteriorly, but anteriorly with a supplemental bridge of bone con- 

 necting acicular process with front of ilium and producing a pre- 

 acetabular foramen slightly exceeding the thyroid foramen in size. 

 Lumbar vertebrae fused, in many species so completely that the bound- 

 aries between the centra are quite obliterated; hypophyses absent. 



