THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. Ill 



1871. Thyreorhina Peteks, Monatsber. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch., Berlin, 

 p. 327 (ooronata). Subgenus of Pliyllorhina—Hipposideros. 



1871. Symlesmotis Peters, Monatsber. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch., Berlin, 

 p. 329 (megalotis) . Subgenus of Phyllorhina=Hipposideros. 



1878. Phyllorhtna Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 127. 



1887. Sipposiderus Blantjord, Proc. ZoOl. Soc. London, p. 637. 



Type- species. — Vespertilio speoris Schreber. 



Geographical distribution. — Tropical parts of Old World east to 

 the Philippine Islands, New Ireland, and Australia, and northwest 

 to Morocco, Africa. 



Number of forms. — About forty forms of Hipposicleros are now 

 recognized. 



Characters. — Dental formula : 



-2-. 1. - 2 -4567 . 1-1 1 - 1 2-2 3-3 



1 2 -. 1. - 2 - 4 5 6 7 i 2 - 2' ° 1 - 1' pm 2 - 2, m 3 - 3 



Upper incisors very small, but usually well formed and with dis- 

 tinct, rounded crown with slight cusp on inner side. Lower incisors 

 trifid, the outer larger than the inner, the four teeth forming a con- 

 tinuous row between canines. Upper canines heavy, but simple in 

 form, without conspicuous cingula, though frequently with a second- 

 ary cusp near posterior base of shaft. Lower canines rather weak. 

 First upper premolar (put, 3 ) small, functionless, closely crowded 

 between cingula of canine and large premolar or forced outward com- 

 pletely from the tooth row ; rarely absent. Other teeth showing no 

 special peculiarities ; m L and m 2 with main cusps normal and hypo- 

 cone absent, m 3 usually with five cusps and three commissures, but the 

 mesostyle and metacone are always closely approximated, the latter 

 sometimes absent, leaving only two commissures. Lower molars with 

 the cusps well developed and normal in position. Skull (fig. 21 B) 

 with distinct, though low and not specially developed, sagittal crest, 

 small bullae, and moderately large cochleae. Greatest depth of brain 

 case (bullae not included) at least equal to depth of rostrum, includ- 

 ing molars. Zygoma abruptly expanded posteriorly, but height of 

 expanded portion much less than distance from last molar to glenoid 

 fossa. Lumbar vertebrae not fused. Ears either not joined across 

 forehead or united by a low band. Tail well developed, longer than 

 femur ; caudal vertebrae 6 to 8. 



Species examined. — I have examined at least half of the known 

 species, including skeletons of Hipposideros barbensis Miller, H. cal- 

 caratus (Dobson), H. caffer (Sundevall), H. larvatus (Horsfield), 

 H. pygmceus ( Waterhouse) , H. speoris (Schreber), H. templetonii 

 (Kelaart), and H. vittatus (Peters). 



Remarks. — The genus Hipposideros, which contains much more 

 than half the species of the family, is recognizable by its dental 



